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However, correlational neuroimaging, causal longitudinal, training, and pharmacological studies have suggested the critical role of visuo-spatial attention in reading development. In a double blind, crossover within-subjects experiment, we manipulated the neuromodulatory effect of a short-term bilateral stimulation of posterior parietal cortex (PPC) by using active and sham tRNS during reading tasks in a large sample of young adults. In contrast to the dual-stream model predicting either no effect or a selective effect on the stimulated phonological-dorsal stream (as well as to a general multisensory effect on both reading streams), we found that only word-reading performance improved after active bilateral PPC tRNS. These findings demonstrate a direct neural connectivity between the PPC, controlling visuo-spatial attention, and the ventral stream for visual word recognition. These results support a neurobiological model of reading where performance of the orthographic-ventral stream is boosted by an efficient deployment of visuo-spatial attention from bilateral PPC stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T01:28:40Z","timestamp":1667784520000},"page":"5538-5546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The effects of bilateral posterior parietal cortex tRNS on reading performance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-0373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab , Department of General Psychology, , Padua 35131 , Italy"},{"name":"University of Padua , Department of General Psychology, , Padua 35131 , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo 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