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Prior evidence demonstrates that this effect can be boosted by providing feedback after retrieval attempts (i.e. test-potentiated encoding [TPE]). The present fMRI study investigated the neural processes during successful memory retrieval underlying this beneficial effect of correct answer feedback compared with restudy and whether additional performance feedback leads to further benefits. Twenty-seven participants learned cue-target pairs by (i) restudying, (ii) standard TPE including a restudy opportunity, or (iii) TPE including a restudy opportunity immediately after a positive or negative performance feedback. One day later, a cued retrieval recognition test was performed inside the MRI scanner. Behavioral results confirmed the testing effect and that adding explicit performance feedback-enhanced memory relative to restudy and standard TPE. Stronger functional engagement while retrieving items previously restudied was found in lateral prefrontal cortex and superior parietal lobe. By contrast, lateral temporo-parietal areas were more strongly recruited while retrieving items previously tested. Performance feedback increased the hippocampal activation and resulted in stronger functional coupling between hippocampus, supramarginal gyrus, and ventral striatum with lateral temporo-parietal cortex. Our results unveil the main functional dynamics and connectivity nodes underlying memory benefits from additional performance feedback.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T06:11:52Z","timestamp":1672467112000},"page":"6184-6197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Functional underpinnings of feedback-enhanced test-potentiated encoding"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Ludowicy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kaiserslautern Center for Cognitive Science, , Kaiserslautern 67663 , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0922-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Czernochowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kaiserslautern Center for Cognitive Science, , Kaiserslautern 67663 , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3805-0620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaione","family":"Arnaez-Telleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCBL-Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language , Donostia-San Sebastian 20009 , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kshipra","family":"Gurunandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCBL-Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language , Donostia-San Sebastian 20009 , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6901-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Lachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kaiserslautern Center for Cognitive Science, , Kaiserslautern 67663 , Germany"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Nebrija en Cognici\u00f3n (CINC), Universidad Nebrija Facultad de Lenguas y Educaci\u00f3n, , Madrid 28015 , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0325-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M","family":"Paz-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCBL-Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language , Donostia-San Sebastian 20009 , Spain"},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao 48013 , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2023051507232470500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029199","article-title":"Test-potentiated learning: distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of tests","volume":"39","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023051507232470500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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