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Here, we temporarily altered human subjects\u2019 sensorimotor experience in a 15-day head-down tilt bed rest setting, a ground-based analog of microgravity that disproportionally affects sensorimotor experiences of the lower limbs, and examined whether such effector-dependent activity deprivation specifically affected the neural processes of comprehending verbs of lower-limb actions (e.g. to kick) relative to upper-limb ones (e.g. to pinch). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the multivoxel neural patterns for such action words prior to and after bed rest. We found an effector-specific (lower vs. upper limb) experience modulation in subcortical sensorimotor-related and anterior temporal regions. The neural action semantic representations in other effector-specific verb semantic regions (e.g. left lateral posterior temporal cortex) and motor execution regions were robust against such experience alterations. These effector-specific, sensorimotor-experience-sensitive and experience-independent patterns of verb neural representation highlight the multidimensional and dynamic nature of semantic neural representation, and the broad influence of microgravity (hence gravity) environment on cognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T02:10:28Z","timestamp":1674439828000},"page":"6862-6871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gravity matters for the neural representations of action semantics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1750-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, , Beijing 100875 , China"},{"name":"Beijing Normal University Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, , Beijing 100875 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Astronaut Research and Training Center National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, , Beijing 100094 , China"},{"name":"Peking University School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, , Beijing 100871 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaosha","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, , Beijing 100875 , China"},{"name":"Beijing Normal University Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, , Beijing 100875 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunlin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, , Beijing 100871 , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health , Beijing 100871 , China"},{"name":"Peking University Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, , Beijing 100871 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanchao","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, , Beijing 100875 , China"},{"name":"Beijing Normal University Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, , Beijing 100875 , China"},{"name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research , Beijing 102206 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"44","key":"2023060106224544100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11347","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3039-08.2008","article-title":"Concepts are more than percepts: the case of action verbs","volume":"28","author":"Bedny","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"36","key":"2023060106224544100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13269","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803424105","article-title":"Sports experience changes the neural processing of action language","volume":"105","author":"Beilock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023060106224544100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2021.07.006","article-title":"Dual coding of knowledge in the human brain","volume":"25","author":"Bi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023060106224544100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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