{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:36:07Z","timestamp":1791941767794,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["678286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["678286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["725970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["725970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MINECO","award":["RTI2018-100977-J-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-100977-J-I00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2075-390740016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2075-390740016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201708330238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201708330238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The human brain is capable of using statistical regularities to predict future inputs. In the real world, such inputs typically comprise a collection of objects (e.g. a forest constitutes numerous trees). The present study aimed to investigate whether perceptual anticipation relies on lower-level or higher-level information. Specifically, we examined whether the human brain anticipates each object in a scene individually or anticipates the scene as a whole. To explore this issue, we first trained participants to associate co-occurring objects within fixed spatial arrangements. Meanwhile, participants implicitly learned temporal regularities between these displays. We then tested how spatial and temporal violations of the structure modulated behavior and neural activity in the visual system using fMRI. We found that participants only showed a behavioral advantage of temporal regularities when the displays conformed to their previously learned spatial structure, demonstrating that humans form configuration-specific temporal expectations instead of predicting individual objects. Similarly, we found suppression of neural responses for temporally expected compared with temporally unexpected objects in lateral occipital cortex only when the objects were embedded within expected configurations. Overall, our findings indicate that humans form expectations about object configurations, demonstrating the prioritization of higher-level over lower-level information in temporal expectation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T01:11:18Z","timestamp":1680484278000},"page":"8300-8311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Humans predict the forest, not the trees: statistical learning of spatiotemporal structure in visual scenes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Chuyao","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University , Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Nanjing Normal University School of Psychology, , Nanjing 210098 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt V","family":"Ehinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University , Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen 6525 EN, Th e Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, , Stuttgart 70049 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"P\u00e9rez-Bellido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University , Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen 6525 EN, Th e Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Barcelona Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, , Barcelona 17108035 , Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona , Barcelona 17108035 , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius V","family":"Peelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain , Cognition and Behaviour, 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