{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:33:39Z","timestamp":1789014819230,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2017-88416-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2017-88416-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-119677RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-119677RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Government of Catalonia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 SGR 1612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 SGR 1612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Government of Catalonia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021 SGR 01010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 SGR 01010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003741","name":"ICREA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003741","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Increasing evidence indicates that the brain predicts sensory input based on past experiences, importantly constraining how we experience the world. Despite a growing interest on this framework, known as predictive coding, most of such approaches to multiple psychological domains continue to be theoretical or primarily provide correlational evidence. We here explored the neural basis of predictive processing using noninvasive brain stimulation and provide causal evidence of frequency-specific modulations in humans. Participants received 20\u00a0Hz (associated with top-down\/predictions), 50\u00a0Hz (associated with bottom-up\/prediction errors), or sham transcranial alternating current stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while performing a social perception task in which facial expression predictions were induced and subsequently confirmed or violated. Left prefrontal 20\u00a0Hz stimulation reinforced stereotypical predictions. In contrast, 50\u00a0Hz and sham stimulation failed to yield any significant behavioral effects. Moreover, the frequency-specific effect observed was further supported by electroencephalography data, which showed a boost of brain activity at the stimulated frequency band. These observations provide causal evidence for how predictive processing may be enabled in the human brain, setting up a needed framework to understand how it may be disrupted across brain-related conditions and potentially restored through noninvasive methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T13:42:26Z","timestamp":1683553346000},"page":"8421-8430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Noninvasive modulation of predictive coding in humans: causal evidence for frequency-specific temporal dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Metodi","family":"Draganov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona 08193 , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Galiano-Landeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona 08193 , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Doruk Camsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jairo-Enrique","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona 08193 , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona 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