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To date, there have been very few in vivo neuroimaging studies of the neonatal brain in DS. In this study we used a cross-sectional sample of 493 preterm- to term-born control neonates from the developing Human Connectome Project to perform normative modeling of regional brain tissue volumes from 32 to 46\u00a0weeks postmenstrual age, accounting for sex and age variables. Deviation from the normative mean was quantified in 25 neonates with DS with postnatally confirmed karyotypes from the Early Brain Imaging in DS study. Here, we provide the first comprehensive volumetric phenotyping of the neonatal brain in DS, which is characterized by significantly reduced whole brain, cerebral white matter, and cerebellar volumes; reduced relative frontal and occipital lobar volumes, in contrast with enlarged relative temporal and parietal lobar volumes; enlarged relative deep gray matter volume (particularly the lentiform nuclei); and enlargement of the lateral ventricles, amongst other features. In future, the ability to assess phenotypic severity at the neonatal stage may help guide early interventions and, ultimately, help improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with DS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T10:37:54Z","timestamp":1685011074000},"page":"8921-8941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Comprehensive volumetric phenotyping of the neonatal brain in Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Abi","family":"Fukami-Gartner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"},{"name":"MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 1UL , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana A","family":"Baburamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralica","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London SE5 8AF , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prachi A","family":"Patkee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olatz","family":"Ojinaga-Alfageme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development , Birkbeck, , London WC1E 7HX , United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of London , Birkbeck, , London WC1E 7HX , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra F","family":"Bonthrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cromb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena U","family":"Uus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena J","family":"Counsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph V","family":"Hajnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"O\u2019Muircheartaigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"},{"name":"MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 1UL , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London SE5 8AF , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital , London SE1 7EH , United Kingdom"},{"name":"MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 1UL , United 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