{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:07:45Z","timestamp":1789924065749,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC016267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC016267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>So-called duplex speech stimuli with perceptually ambiguous spectral cues to one ear and isolated low- versus high-frequency third formant \u201cchirp\u201d to the opposite ear yield a coherent percept supporting their phonetic categorization. Critically, such dichotic sounds are only perceived categorically upon binaural integration. Here, we used frequency-following responses (FFRs), scalp-recorded potentials reflecting phase-locked subcortical activity, to investigate brainstem responses to fused speech percepts and to determine whether FFRs reflect binaurally integrated category-level representations. We recorded FFRs to diotic and dichotic stop-consonants (\/da\/, \/ga\/) that either did or did not require binaural fusion to properly label along with perceptually ambiguous sounds without clear phonetic identity. Behaviorally, listeners showed clear categorization of dichotic speech tokens confirming they were heard with a fused, phonetic percept. Neurally, we found FFRs were stronger for categorically perceived speech relative to category-ambiguous tokens but also differentiated phonetic categories for both diotically and dichotically presented speech sounds. Correlations between neural and behavioral data further showed FFR latency predicted the degree to which listeners labeled tokens as \u201cda\u201d versus \u201cga.\u201d The presence of binaurally integrated, category-level information in FFRs suggests human brainstem processing reflects a surprisingly abstract level of the speech code typically circumscribed to much later cortical processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T20:18:49Z","timestamp":1689020329000},"page":"10076-10086","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Duplex perception reveals brainstem auditory representations are modulated by listeners\u2019 ongoing percept for speech"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8357-3062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, , Bloomington, IN , United States"},{"name":"Indiana University Program in Neuroscience, , Bloomington, IN , United States"},{"name":"University of Memphis School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, , Memphis, TN , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1821-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin M","family":"Bidelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, , Bloomington, IN , United States"},{"name":"Indiana University Program in Neuroscience, , Bloomington, IN , United States"},{"name":"Indiana University Cognitive Science Program, , Bloomington, IN , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2023091509154411000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2008.08.004","article-title":"Envelope and spectral frequency-following responses to vowel sounds","volume":"245","author":"Aiken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"2023091509154411000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00456","article-title":"Repeated measures correlation","volume":"8","author":"Bakdash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"01","key":"2023091509154411000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1748003","article-title":"Frequency-following response: effects of interaural time and intensity differences","volume":"11","author":"Ballachanda","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad 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