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Therefore, we investigated the associations between body mass index (BMI), SDB, psychiatric and cognitive measures, and brain morphometry in 8484 children 9\u201311\u00a0years old using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset. BMI was positively associated with SDB, and both were negatively correlated with cortical thickness in lingual gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and cortical volumes in postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, precuneus, superior parietal lobule, and insula. Mediation analysis showed that SDB partially mediated the effect of overweight\/obesity on these brain regions. Dimensional psychopathology (including aggressive behavior and externalizing problem) and cognitive function were correlated with BMI and SDB. SDB and cortical volumes in precentral gyrus and insula mediated the correlations between BMI and externalizing problem and matrix reasoning ability. Comparisons by sex showed that obesity and SDB had a greater impact on brain measures, cognitive function, and mental health in girls than in boys. These findings suggest that preventing childhood obesity will help decrease SDB symptom burden, abnormal neurological and cognitive development, and psychiatric problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T09:27:19Z","timestamp":1690795639000},"page":"10087-10097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Associations between body mass index, sleep-disordered breathing, brain structure, and behavior in healthy children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jianqi","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education Center for Brain Imaging, \uff0c Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126 , China"},{"name":"Xidian University International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education Center for Brain Imaging, \uff0c Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126 , China"},{"name":"Xidian University International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & 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