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Effective connectivity, functional connectivity, and tractography were measured between six human frontal pole regions and for comparison 13 dorsolateral and dorsal prefrontal cortex regions, and the 360 cortical regions in the Human Connectome Project Multi-modal-parcellation atlas in 171 HCP participants. The frontal pole regions have effective connectivity with Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex regions, the Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex, both implicated in working memory; and with the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex reward\/non-reward system. There is also connectivity with temporal lobe, inferior parietal, and posterior cingulate regions. Given this new connectivity evidence, and evidence from activations and damage, it is proposed that the frontal pole cortex contains autoassociation attractor networks that are normally stable in a short-term memory state, and maintain stability in the other prefrontal networks during stable exploitation of goals and strategies. However, if an input from the orbitofrontal or anterior cingulate cortex that expected reward, non-reward, or punishment is received, this destabilizes the frontal pole and thereby other prefrontal networks to enable exploration of competing alternative goals and strategies. The frontal pole connectivity with reward systems may be key in exploit versus explore.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T01:38:50Z","timestamp":1698111530000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The connectivity of the human frontal pole cortex, and a theory of its involvement in exploit versus explore"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Edmund T","family":"Rolls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience , Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Warwick Department of Computer Science, , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Fudan University Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, , Shanghai 200403, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Deco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, , Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain"},{"name":"Pompeu Fabra University Brain and Cognition, , Barcelona 08018, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats (ICREA), , Passeig Llu\u00eds Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu-Chung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, , Shanghai 200602, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology , Shanghai 200602, 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