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The prospective mechanism emphasizes that SoA arises from motor prediction and its comparison with actual action outcomes, while the reconstructive mechanism stresses that SoA emerges from retrospective causal processing about the action outcomes. Consistent with the prospective mechanism, motor planning regions were identified by neuroimaging studies using the temporal binding (TB) effect, a behavioral measure often linked to implicit SoA. Yet, TB also occurs during passive observation of another\u2019s action, lending support to the reconstructive mechanism, but its neural correlates remain unexplored. Here, we employed virtual reality (VR) to modulate such observation-based SoA and examined it with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). After manipulating an avatar hand in VR, participants passively observed an avatar\u2019s \u201caction\u201d and showed a significant increase in TB. The binding effect was associated with the right angular gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, which are critical nodes for inferential and agency processing. These results suggest that the experience of controlling an avatar may potentiate inferential processing within the right inferior parietal cortex and give rise to the illusionary SoA without voluntary action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1703935802000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neural correlates of an illusionary sense of agency caused by virtual reality"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huichao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosha","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1750-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , 20251 Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development , 14195 Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchao","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China"},{"name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research , Beijing 102206 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5098-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunlin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and 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