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However, the abnormalities associated with specific disorders, and the common abnormalities shown by all disorders, remain unclear. Herein, a meta-analysis was conducted to integrate the results of 70 studies that compared 1843 speech disorder patients (dysarthria, dysphonia, stuttering, and aphasia) to 1950 healthy controls in terms of brain activity, functional connectivity, gray matter, and white matter fractional anisotropy. The analysis revealed that compared to controls, the dysarthria group showed higher activity in the left superior temporal gyrus and lower activity in the left postcentral gyrus. The dysphonia group had higher activity in the right precentral and postcentral gyrus. The stuttering group had higher activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and lower activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus. The aphasia group showed lower activity in the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. Across the four disorders, there were concurrent lower activity, gray matter, and fractional anisotropy in motor and auditory cortices, and stronger connectivity between the default mode network and frontoparietal network. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural basis of speech disorders, potentially aiding clinical diagnosis and intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T13:01:01Z","timestamp":1710162061000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Functional and structural abnormalities of the speech disorders: a multimodal activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, Xi\u2019an International Studies University , Xi\u2019an 710128 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, Xi\u2019an International Studies University , Xi\u2019an 710128 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University); School of Psychology; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genyi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, Xi'an GEM Flower Changqing Hospital , Xi\u2019an 710201 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Language Therapy Department, Shaanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital , Xi\u2019an 710065 , 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