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Intergroup relationships have been posited to influence individuals\u2019 interpersonal interactions significantly. Using electroencephalography hyperscanning, this study aimed to establish whether intergroup relationships influence interpersonal cooperation and competition and the underlying neural mechanisms. According to the results, the in-group Coop-index is better than the out-group, whereas the out-group Comp-index is stronger than the in-group. The in-group functional connectivity between the frontal-central region and the right temporoparietal junction in the \u03b2 band was stronger in competition than cooperation. The out-group functional connectivity between the frontal-central region and the left temporoparietal junction in the \u03b1 band was stronger in cooperation than competition. In both cooperation and competition, the in-group exhibited higher interbrain synchronization between the prefrontal cortex and parietal region in the \u03b8 band, as well as between the frontal-central region and frontal-central region in the \u03b1 band, compared to the out-group. The intrabrain phase-locking value in both the \u03b1 and \u03b2 bands can effectively predict performance in competition tasks. Interbrain phase-locking value in both the \u03b1 and \u03b8 bands can be effectively predicted in a performance cooperation task. This study offers neuroscientific evidence for in-group favoritism and out-group bias at an interpersonal level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T05:17:05Z","timestamp":1712121425000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Favoritism or bias? Cooperation and competition under different intergroup relationships: evidence from EEG hyperscanning"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2094-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic , 100081"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei province 063210 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2024040305170119800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221616","article-title":"In-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in naturally occurring groups","volume":"14","author":"Abbink","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024040305170119800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01558","article-title":"EEG signal decomposition evidence for a role of perceptual processes during conflict-related behavioral adjustments in middle frontal regions","volume":"32","author":"Adelh\u00f6fer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2024040305170119800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00312","article-title":"Agency matters! 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