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(1986), using electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) in the context of Japanese language and semantic networks. We recruited 11 patients with focal epilepsy who underwent chronic subdural electrode implantation and ECS mapping with multiple language tasks for presurgical evaluation. A semiquantitative language function density map delineated the anatomo-functional characteristics of the BTLA (66 electrodes, mean 3.8\u00a0cm from the temporal tip). The ECS-induced impairment probability was higher in the following tasks, listed in a descending order: spoken-word picture matching, picture naming, Kanji word reading, paragraph reading, spoken-verbal command, and Kana word reading. The anterior fusiform gyrus (FG), adjacent anterior inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and the anterior end where FG and ITG fuse, were characterized by stimulation-induced impairment during visual and auditory tasks requiring verbal output or not, whereas the middle FG was characterized mainly by visual input. The parahippocampal gyrus was the least impaired of the three gyri in the basal temporal area. We propose that the BTLA has a functional gradient, with the anterior part involved in amodal semantic processing and the posterior part, especially the middle FG in unimodal semantic processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T03:25:18Z","timestamp":1718076318000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Basal temporal language area revisited in Japanese language with a language function density map"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4642-4952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kento","family":"Matoba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Shimotake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3574-1744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuro","family":"Nakae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga General Hospital , 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-0022 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