{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:11:00Z","timestamp":1782519060991,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hunan Engineering Research Center for Glaucoma with Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Application of New Materials, China","award":["2023TP2225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TP2225"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023JJ70014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ70014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation, China","award":["kq2208495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kq2208495"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Foundation of Aier Eye Hospital Group, China","award":["AR2206D5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR2206D5"]}]},{"name":"Aier Glaucoma Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Glaucoma and Alzheimer\u2019s disease are critical degenerative neuropathies with global impact. Previous studies have indicated that glaucomatous damage could extend beyond ocular structures, leading to brain alterations potentially associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk. This study aimed to explore the causal associations among glaucoma, brain alterations, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the genetic correlation and causality between glaucoma, glaucoma endophenotypes, cerebral cortical surficial area and thickness, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (including late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease, cognitive performance, and reaction time) using linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization. This study showed suggestive genetic correlations between glaucoma, cortical structures, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The genetically predicted all-caused glaucoma was nominally associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (OR\u2009=\u20090.96, 95% CI: 0.93\u20130.99, P\u2009=\u20090.013). We found evidence for suggestive causality between glaucoma (endophenotypes) and 20 cortical regions and between 29 cortical regions and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (endophenotypes). Four cortical regions were causally associated with cognitive performance or reaction time at a significant threshold (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20096.2E-04). Thirteen shared cortical regions between glaucoma (endophenotypes) and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (endophenotypes) were identified. Our findings complex causal relationships among glaucoma, cerebral cortical structures, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. More studies are required to clarify the mediation effect of cortical alterations in the relationship between glaucoma and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T06:51:41Z","timestamp":1727333501000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Causal association among glaucoma, cerebral cortical structures, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: insights from genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Aier Glaucoma Institute, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Glaucoma with Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Application of New Materials, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Ling","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Aier Eye Institute , Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Aier Glaucoma Institute, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Glaucoma with Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Application of New Materials, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Aier Glaucoma Institute, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Glaucoma with Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Application of New Materials, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3148-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuanchu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Aier Glaucoma Institute, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Glaucoma with Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Application of New Materials, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital , No. 188 South Furong Road, Tianxin District, Changsha 410015, Hunan,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092606513404500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14062","article-title":"Driving behaviour and visual compensation in glaucoma patients: evaluation on a driving simulator","volume":"50","author":"Adrian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2024092606513404500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z","article-title":"New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias","volume":"54","author":"Bellenguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024092606513404500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.03.014","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment and driving: does in-vehicle distraction affect driving 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