{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:47:08Z","timestamp":1792025228924,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Western University\u2019s Canada First Research Excellence Fund BrainsCAN initiative"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-05834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-05834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award","award":["10.37717\/220020403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.37717\/220020403"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Steacie Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Humans perceive a pulse, or beat, underlying musical rhythm. Beat strength correlates with activity in the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area, suggesting these regions support beat perception. However, the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area are part of a general rhythm and timing network (regardless of the beat) and may also represent basic rhythmic features (e.g. tempo, number of onsets). To characterize the encoding of beat-related and other basic rhythmic features, we used representational similarity analysis. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants heard 12 rhythms\u20144 strong-beat, 4 weak-beat, and 4 nonbeat. Multi-voxel activity patterns for each rhythm were tested to determine which brain areas were beat-sensitive: those in which activity patterns showed greater dissimilarities between rhythms of different beat strength than between rhythms of similar beat strength. Indeed, putamen and supplementary motor area activity patterns were significantly dissimilar for strong-beat and nonbeat conditions. Next, we tested whether basic rhythmic features or models of beat strength (counterevidence scores) predicted activity patterns. We found again that activity pattern dissimilarity in supplementary motor area and putamen correlated with beat strength models, not basic features. Beat strength models also correlated with activity pattern dissimilarities in the inferior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe, though these regions encoded beat and rhythm simultaneously and were not driven by beat alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T23:22:41Z","timestamp":1727133761000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Neural representations of beat and rhythm in motor and association regions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua D","family":"Hoddinott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Brain and Mind , University of Western Ontario, Perth Drive, London, Ontario N6A 5B7,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A","family":"Grahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Brain and Mind , University of Western Ontario, Perth Drive, London, Ontario N6A 5B7,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Psychology Department, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101104065397300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03867","article-title":"The neuronal representation of pitch in primate auditory cortex","volume":"436","author":"Bendor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024101104065397300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.07.002","article-title":"Listening to rhythms activates motor and premotor cortices","volume":"45","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2024101104065397300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190322","article-title":"What makes a rhythm complex? 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