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However, whilst the general assumption is that the relevant theta band activity is purely oscillatory, most empirical studies fail to disentangle oscillatory episodes from wide band activity. In addition, experimental approaches often rely on averaged activity across trials and subjects, disregarding moment-to-moment fluctuations in theta activity, contingent on key aspects of the task. Here, we used novel oscillation detection approaches to investigate the dynamics of theta and alpha episodes in human subjects performing a spatial navigation task in a virtual reality environment, resolved at single-trial level. The results suggest that bouts of frontal theta oscillatory activity are related to task difficulty and access to previously encoded information, across different timescales. Parietal alpha episodes, instead, seem to anticipate successful navigational decisions and could be related to shifts in internal attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaf083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T16:08:52Z","timestamp":1743264532000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Single-trial characterization of frontal theta and parietal alpha oscillatory episodes during spatial navigation in humans"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-3918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Torralba-Cuello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain and Cognition, Departament de Tecnologies de la Informaci\u00f3 i les Comunicacions, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, Barcelona 08005 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Departament de F\u00edsica , Avinguda Dr. Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 44-50, ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya \u2013 BarcelonaTech , Avinguda Dr. Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 44-50, ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9041-2943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Marti-Marca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain and Cognition, Departament de Tecnologies de la Informaci\u00f3 i les Comunicacions, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, Barcelona 08005 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6268-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rta Szabina","family":"P\u00e1pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain and Cognition, Departament de Tecnologies de la Informaci\u00f3 i les Comunicacions, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, Barcelona 08005 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