{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:26:57Z","timestamp":1790267217969,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Polish National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016\/22\/E\/HS6\/00119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/22\/E\/HS6\/00119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Polish National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018\/30\/A\/HS6\/00595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/30\/A\/HS6\/00595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blindness has been shown to induce changes in the structural and functional organization of the brain. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between these structural and functional changes. In this study, we examined cortical thickness within occipital regions of interest in 38 early blind individuals and explored its relationship to functional activation during linguistic processing. Participants engaged in tactile Braille reading and auditory processing tasks involving words, pseudowords, and control conditions to assess various aspects of linguistic processing. Linear mixed models revealed a significant association between cortical thickness and functional activation in the occipital cortex during linguistic tasks. Specifically, lower cortical thickness in the middle occipital gyrus, the calcarine sulcus, and the parieto-occipital sulcus were linked to increased activation during orthographic processing in blind participants (Braille pseudowords vs. Braille nonsense-symbols). Similarly, lower cortical thickness in the calcarine sulcus and parieto-occipital sulcus was associated with greater functional activation during phonological processing (auditory pseudowords vs. auditory control). These findings align with prior research suggesting that structural and functional adaptations in the visual cortex of blind individuals may be influenced by developmental mechanisms such as pruning or myelination. This study highlights the interplay between cortical structure and functional reorganization in the blind brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaf317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T12:10:22Z","timestamp":1761307822000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between cortical thickness and functional response to linguistic processing in the occipital cortex of early blind individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8484-4002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Czarnecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University , 24 Go\u0142\u0119bia Str, 31-007 Krak\u00f3w ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Hryniewiecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University , 24 Go\u0142\u0119bia Str, 31-007 Krak\u00f3w ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , 2c Stefana Banacha Str, 02-097 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Wolna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University , 24 Go\u0142\u0119bia Str, 31-007 Krak\u00f3w ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Baumbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University , 24 Go\u0142\u0119bia Str, 31-007 Krak\u00f3w ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University , 1 Ziemssenstra\u00dfe, 80336 Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences , 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Bioimaging Research Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing , 10 Mochnackiego St, 02-042 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyothirmayi","family":"Vadlamudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for research in Psychology (IPSY) & Neuroscience (IoNS), Crossmodal Perception and Plasticity Laboratory\u2014University of Louvain (UCLouvain) , Place du Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Collignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for research in Psychology (IPSY) & Neuroscience (IoNS), Crossmodal Perception and Plasticity Laboratory\u2014University of Louvain (UCLouvain) , Place du Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Jednor\u00f3g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences , 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Szwed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University , 24 Go\u0142\u0119bia Str, 31-007 Krak\u00f3w ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-2287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Stroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University , 24 Go\u0142\u0119bia Str, 31-007 Krak\u00f3w ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164677","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164677","article-title":"Patterns of individual variation in visual pathway structure and function in the sighted and blind","volume":"11","author":"Aguirre","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu009","article-title":"Relationship between cortical thickness and functional activation in the early blind","volume":"25","author":"Anurova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004","article-title":"Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain","volume":"12","author":"Avants","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014818108","article-title":"Language processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind adults","volume":"108","author":"Bedny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042","article-title":"A component based noise correction method (CompCor) for BOLD and perfusion based fMRI","volume":"37","author":"Behzadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npbr.2015.10.002","article-title":"FMRI correlates of different components of braille reading by the blind","volume":"21","author":"Beisteiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"19","author":"Binder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY: 1991)"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp279","article-title":"Imaging studies in congenital anophthalmia reveal preservation of brain architecture in \u2018visual\u2019 cortex","volume":"132","author":"Bridge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2019.104047","article-title":"How many words do we read per minute? A review and meta-analysis of reading rate","volume":"109","author":"Brysbaert","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mem Lang"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00285.2001","article-title":"Adaptive changes in early and late blind: a fMRI study of braille reading","volume":"87","author":"Burton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117503","article-title":"The brain signature of emerging reading in two contrasting languages","volume":"225","author":"Chyl","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12961-7_9","volume-title":"Explicit and implicit prosody in sentence processing: studies in honor of Janet dean Fodor","author":"Clifton","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.036","article-title":"Reading normal and degraded words: contribution of the dorsal and ventral visual pathways","volume":"40","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4435","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013928108","article-title":"Functional specialization for auditory\u2013spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans","volume":"108","author":"Collignon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199706\/08)10:4\/5&lt;171::AID-NBM453&gt;3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data","volume":"10","author":"Cox","year":"1997","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis: I","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.12.002","article-title":"Design and evaluation of an innovative MRI-compatible braille stimulator with high spatial and temporal resolution","volume":"213","author":"Debowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010","article-title":"Automatic parcellation of human cortical gyri and sulci using standard anatomical nomenclature","volume":"53","author":"Destrieux","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117851","article-title":"Neural network for braille reading and the speech-reading convergence in the blind: similarities and differences to visual reading","volume":"231","author":"Dzi\u0119giel-Fivet","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref20","unstructured":"Esteban O \u00a0et\u00a0al. \u00a02022. Nipy\/nipype: 1.8.3 (version 1.8.3) [computer software]. Zenodo. 10.5281\/zenodo.6834519."},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref20a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0235-4","article-title":"fMRIPrep: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional MRI","volume":"16","author":"Esteban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref21a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0327-3","article-title":"Analysis of task-based functional MRI data preprocessed with fMRIPrep","volume":"15","author":"Esteban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16616","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315235110","article-title":"Broad domain generality in focal regions of frontal and parietal cortex","volume":"110","author":"Fedorenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902317205285","volume-title":"J Cogn Neurosci","author":"Fiebach","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.914","article-title":"Neuroimaging studies of word\u2009reading","volume":"95","author":"Fiez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80833-8","article-title":"Effects of Lexicality, frequency, and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of reading","volume":"24","author":"Fiez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00114-9","article-title":"Cross-modal plasticity for sensory and motor activation patterns in blind subjects","volume":"19","author":"Gizewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag0311","article-title":"Microstructural proliferation in human cortex is coupled with the development of face processing","volume":"355","author":"Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref28","unstructured":"Gorgolewski KJ \u00a0et\u00a0al. \u00a02018. nipy\/nipype: 1.1.6 (version 1.1.6) [computer software]. Zenodo. 10.5281\/zenodo.1560596."},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060","article-title":"Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration","volume":"48","author":"Greve","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563490","article-title":"The neural circuitry involved in the reading of German words and Pseudowords: a PET study","volume":"11","author":"Hagoort","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref31a","author":"","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.12.048","article-title":"Congenital blindness is associated with large-scale reorganization of anatomical networks","volume":"128","author":"Hasson","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4607","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22498","article-title":"Brain systems mediating voice identity processing in blind humans","volume":"35","author":"H\u00f6lig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac197","article-title":"Sight restoration in congenitally blind humans does not restore visual brain structure","volume":"33","author":"H\u00f6lig","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971020)387:2&lt;167::AID-CNE1&gt;3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex","volume":"387","author":"Huttenlocher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(82)90379-2","article-title":"Synaptogenesis in human visual cortex\u2014evidence for synapse elimination during normal development","volume":"33","author":"Huttenlocher","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5451-08.2009","article-title":"Thick visual cortex in the early blind","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11495","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0997-17.2017","article-title":"Development of the visual word form area requires visual experience: evidence from blind braille readers","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005350","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005350","article-title":"Mindboggling morphometry of human brains","volume":"13","author":"Klein","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1137\/0701007","article-title":"Evaluation of noisy data","volume":"1","author":"Lanczos","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp011","article-title":"Relationships between brain activation and brain structure in normally developing children","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.027","article-title":"Dough, tough, cough, rough: a \u201cfast\u201d fMRI localizer of component processes in reading","volume":"91","author":"Malins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.15.043174","article-title":"Auditory features modelling reveals sound envelope representation in striate cortex","author":"Martinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref45a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203359440","volume-title":"Reading by Touch","author":"Millar","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20750","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904931116","article-title":"Apparent thinning of human visual cortex during childhood is associated with myelination","volume":"116","author":"Natu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.06.053","article-title":"Early visual deprivation induces structural plasticity in gray and white matter","volume":"15","author":"Noppeney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2011.02.004","article-title":"fMRI of syntactic processing in typically developing children: structural correlates in the inferior frontal gyrus","volume":"1","author":"Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.076","article-title":"Morphological alterations in the congenital blind based on the analysis of cortical thickness and surface area","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm124","article-title":"Lifespan alterations of basal dendritic trees of pyramidal neurons in the human prefrontal cortex: a layer-specific pattern","volume":"18","author":"Petanjek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0318-1","volume-title":"Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.04.001","article-title":"The interactive account of ventral occipitotemporal contributions to reading","volume":"15","author":"Price","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1273-4","article-title":"Alterations of the visual pathways in congenital blindness","volume":"187","author":"Ptito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref53a","author":"R Core Team"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01407","article-title":"Orthographic priming in braille reading as evidence for task-specific reorganization in the ventral visual cortex of the congenitally blind","volume":"31","author":"R\u0105czy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3952506","article-title":"Concurrent overproduction of synapses in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex","volume":"232","author":"Rakic","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.01.040","article-title":"A ventral visual stream reading Center independent of visual experience","volume":"21","author":"Reich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref56a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10100662","article-title":"The Effect of Blindness on Spatial Asymmetries","volume":"10","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02147.x","article-title":"Speech processing activates visual cortex in congenitally blind humans","volume":"16","author":"R\u00f6der","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/380526a0","article-title":"Activation of the primary visual cortex by braille reading in blind subjects","volume":"380","author":"Sadato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12686","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12686","article-title":"Eyes on words: a fixation-related fMRI study of the left occipito-temporal cortex during self-paced silent reading of words and pseudowords","volume":"5","author":"Schuster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.04.004","article-title":"Why does the cortex reorganize after sensory loss?","volume":"22","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bhae324","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae324","article-title":"Blind individuals\u2019 enhanced ability to sense their own heartbeat is related to the thickness of their occipital cortex","volume":"34","author":"Stroh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2046908","volume-title":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","author":"Tustison","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr311","article-title":"Occipital cortical thickness predicts performance on pitch and musical tasks in blind individuals","volume":"22","author":"Voss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20105","article-title":"Differential activity in left inferior frontal gyrus for pseudowords and real words: an event-related fMRI study on auditory lexical decision","volume":"25","author":"Xiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424","article-title":"Segmentation of brain MR images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"2025112610070879300_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-87458-6","article-title":"Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R","author":"Zuur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Springer."}],"container-title":["Cerebral Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/35\/11\/bhaf317\/65550668\/bhaf317.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/35\/11\/bhaf317\/65550668\/bhaf317.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:07:16Z","timestamp":1764169636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhaf317\/8343365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhaf317","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.04.17.645592","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-3211","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"article-number":"bhaf317"}}