{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T21:28:15Z","timestamp":1786397295835,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sainte-Justine Foundation"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al School of Graduate Studies"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["54015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-86678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-86678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-74623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-74623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-79571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-79571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in utero is a prenatal adversity due, in part, to the pharmacological effects of nicotine. During gestation, thalamocortical inputs\u2014generated by cholinergic retinal waves\u2014contribute to the development of the visual cortex (V1). First, we investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking (PEMCS) and the tangential growth of V1. We observed a robust association between PEMCS and V1 surface area in the UK Biobank (n\u2009=\u200926,987 adults, 30% exposed) and replicated this relationship in the Saguenay Youth Study (n\u2009=\u2009944 adolescents, 47% exposed). Subsequent in silico analyses suggested that PEMCS may influence V1 prenatal growth by disrupting the proliferation of intermediate progenitor cells and inhibitory neurons. Second, we explored the role of cholinergic retinal waves as a mechanistic pathway underlying this exposure\u2013outcome relationship. To do so, we used causal variants in genes sensitive to retinal waves (identified in retinal ganglion cells). These variants were related to V1 surface area only among exposed individuals; deletions in these genes and putative loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants were associated with lower V1 surface area. These results suggest that PEMCS influences the prenatal tangential growth of the human V1 via the retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhag105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:09:54Z","timestamp":1782864594000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The tangential growth of the human visual cortex and maternal smoking during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4972-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Navarri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre , 3175 Chemin de la C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1C5,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Barcelona\u03b2eta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation , Carrer de Wellington, 30, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08005 Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre , 3175 Chemin de la C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1C5,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B","family":"Hengenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre , 3175 Chemin de la C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1C5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"B\u00e9niti\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre , 3175 Chemin de la C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1C5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6838-8767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Jacquemont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre , 3175 Chemin de la C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1C5,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdenka","family":"Pausova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre , 3175 Chemin de la C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1C5,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Barcelona\u03b2eta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation , Carrer de Wellington, 30, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08005 Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1495-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Paus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre , 3175 Chemin de la C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1C5,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Barcelona\u03b2eta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation , Carrer de Wellington, 30, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08005 Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11529","article-title":"Retinal waves coordinate patterned activity throughout the developing visual system","volume":"490","author":"Ackman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7672","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-20-07672.2000","article-title":"Mice lacking specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits exhibit dramatically altered spontaneous activity patterns and reveal a limited role for retinal waves in forming ON and OFF circuits in the inner retina","volume":"20","author":"Bansal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate\u2014a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1962-0","article-title":"Cell stress in cortical organoids impairs molecular subtype specification","volume":"578","author":"Bhaduri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03910-8","article-title":"An atlas of cortical arealization identifies dynamic molecular signatures","volume":"598","author":"Bhaduri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01581.x","article-title":"Synaptogenesis in the occipital cortex of macaque monkey devoid of retinal input from early embryonic stages","volume":"8","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.09.015","article-title":"Development of precise maps in visual cortex requires patterned spontaneous activity in the retina","volume":"48","author":"Cang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.12.025","article-title":"Selective disruption of one cartesian axis of cortical maps and receptive fields by deficiency in ephrin\u2014as and structured activity","volume":"57","author":"Cang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1086\/230638","article-title":"Statistical methods for comparing regression coefficients between models","volume":"100","author":"Clogg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84640","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084640","article-title":"Smoking during pregnancy: findings from the 2009-2010 Canadian community health survey","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119860914.ch4","volume-title":"Neocortical neurogenesis in development and evolution","author":"Dehay","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960325)367:1&lt;70::AID-CNE6&gt;3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Contribution of thalamic input to the specification of cytoarchitectonic cortical fields in the primate: effects of bilateral enucleation in the fetal monkey on the boundaries, dimensions, and gyrification of striate and extrastriate cortex","volume":"367","author":"Dehay","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-01-00201.2001","article-title":"Cell-cycle kinetics of neocortical precursors are influenced by embryonic thalamic axons","volume":"21","author":"Dehay","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12165","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure selectively affects nicotinic receptor expression in primary and associative visual cortices of the fetal baboon","volume":"25","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823672-7.00016-8","volume-title":"Synapse development and maturation","author":"Feller","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5265.1182","article-title":"Requirement for cholinergic synaptic transmission in the propagation of spontaneous retinal waves","volume":"272","author":"Feller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay6690","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay6690","article-title":"The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"367","author":"Grasby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1515\/nipt-2023-0013","article-title":"Prenatal tobacco exposure on brain morphometry partially mediated poor cognitive performance in preadolescent children","volume":"2","author":"Rivera","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImmune Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1977.0050","article-title":"Plasticity of ocular dominance columns in monkey striate cortex","volume":"278","author":"Hubel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9419","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09419.2002","article-title":"Decoupling eye-specific segregation from lamination in the lateral geniculate nucleus","volume":"22","author":"Huberman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.015","article-title":"Predicting splicing from primary sequence with deep learning","volume":"176","author":"Jaganathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2308-7","article-title":"The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans","volume":"581","author":"Karczewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e769","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30223-7","article-title":"National, regional, and global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Lange","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7881","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-18-07881.1999","article-title":"The medial ganglionic eminence gives rise to a population of early neurons in the developing cerebral cortex","volume":"19","author":"Lavdas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.06.007","article-title":"Optimal unified approach for rare-variant association testing with application to small-sample case-control whole-exome sequencing studies","volume":"91","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat7615","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7615","article-title":"Integrative functional genomic analysis of human brain development and neuropsychiatric risks","volume":"362","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56855-1","article-title":"Copy number variants and the tangential expansion of the cerebral cortex","volume":"16","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0974-4","article-title":"The Ensembl variant effect predictor","volume":"17","author":"McLaren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2035024","article-title":"Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina","volume":"252","author":"Meister","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03219.1996","article-title":"The ganglionic eminence may be an intermediate target for corticofugal and thalamocortical axons","volume":"16","author":"M\u00e9tin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4393","article-title":"Multimodal population brain imaging in the UK biobank prospective epidemiological study","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21095-3","article-title":"Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on development of central and peripheral cholinergic neurotransmitter systems. Evidence for cholinergic trophic influences in developing brain","volume":"251","author":"Navarro","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.02.959","article-title":"Virtual ontogeny of cortical growth preceding mental illness","volume":"92","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr350","article-title":"KCTD8 gene and brain growth in adverse intrauterine environment: a genome-wide association study","volume":"22","author":"Paus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20402","article-title":"Genes, maternal smoking, and the offspring brain and body during adolescence: design of the Saguenay Youth Study","volume":"28","author":"Pausova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dyw023","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw023","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Saguenay Youth Study (SYS)","volume":"46","author":"Pausova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5359.2108","article-title":"Competition in retinogeniculate patterning driven by spontaneous activity","volume":"279","author":"Penn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10109","article-title":"Desensitization of neuronal nicotinic receptors","volume":"53","author":"Quick","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3291116","article-title":"Specification of cerebral cortical areas","volume":"241","author":"Rakic","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20119","article-title":"Tobacco and pregnancy: overview of exposures and effects","volume":"84","author":"Rogers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6453","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101120998","article-title":"Requirement of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor \u03b22 subunit for the anatomical and functional development of the visual system","volume":"98","author":"Rossi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.1717","article-title":"Associations of combined genetic and lifestyle risks with incident cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the UK biobank study","volume":"3","author":"Said","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz060","article-title":"Altered cortical brain structure and increased risk for disease seen decades after perinatal exposure to maternal smoking: a study of 9000 adults in the UK biobank","volume":"29","author":"Salminen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701825908","article-title":"Cigarette smoking during pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Shea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa035","article-title":"Global and regional development of the human cerebral cortex: molecular architecture and occupational aptitudes","volume":"30","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/12.1.37","article-title":"Unique morphological features of the proliferative zones and postmitotic compartments of the neural epithelium giving rise to striate and extrastriate cortex in the monkey","volume":"12","author":"Smart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0165252025","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0165-25.2025","article-title":"Cholinergic waves have a modest influence on the transcriptome of retinal ganglion cells","volume":"45","author":"Somaiya","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4578","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab503","article-title":"UCSC cell browser: visualize your single-cell data","volume":"37","author":"Speir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a038877","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038877","article-title":"Family-based designs that disentangle inherited factors from pre- and postnatal environmental exposures: in vitro fertilization, discordant sibling pairs, maternal versus paternal comparisons, and adoption designs","volume":"11","author":"Thapar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm261","article-title":"Brain size and folding of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"18","author":"Toro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1963.26.6.1003","article-title":"Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye","volume":"26","author":"Wiesel","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901580306","article-title":"Ordered arrangement of orientation columns in monkeys lacking visual experience","volume":"158","author":"Wiesel","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00499-1","article-title":"Identifying dementia outcomes in UK biobank: a validation study of primary care, hospital admissions and mortality data","volume":"34","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation (Camb)"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9298","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-21-09298.1999","article-title":"Multiorgan autonomic dysfunction in mice lacking the beta2 and the beta4 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026081016375898900_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2224701","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.24701","article-title":"Association of maternal tobacco use during pregnancy with preadolescent brain morphology among offspring","volume":"5","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Cerebral Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/36\/7\/bhag105\/70605457\/bhag105.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/36\/7\/bhag105\/70605457\/bhag105.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T20:38:06Z","timestamp":1786394286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhag105\/8758578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhag105","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-3211","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"article-number":"bhag105"}}