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Carver College of Medicine, the Kiwanis Foundation, the Ministry of Health, Italy","award":["RF-2019-12369300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2019-12369300"]}]},{"name":"University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, the Kiwanis Foundation, the Ministry of Health, Italy","award":["RF-2008-12366899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2008-12366899"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S10RR028821-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10RR028821-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM108540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM108540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke","award":["NS095741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS095741"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke","award":["1 R01 NS114405-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 NS114405-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R21 MH120441-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R21 MH120441-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 P50 MH094258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 P50 MH094258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2T32MH019113-29A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2T32MH019113-29A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lesion-deficit mapping is a premier technique for dissociating neural correlates of cognitive functions. However, the contribution of domain-general cognition (g) to the performance of virtually all complex behavioral tasks may encumber such efforts. This possibility has been largely unexplored. Here, we examined the influence of g in lesion-deficit mapping using a combination of structural equation modeling, lesion-behavior mapping (LBM), and structural lesion network mapping (sLNM) and functional lesion network mapping (fLNM). We modeled latent variables for visuospatial ability, processing speed, language, and anterograde memory among 473 patients with focal brain damage (age range 20 to 93, 257 men, 216 women), both with and without g-associated variance embedded within each factor. Lesion-deficit maps for domain-specific cognitive abilities were statistically significantly less spatially inter-correlated after partitioning out g (P\u2009=\u20090.010 for LBM; P\u2009=\u20090.003 for sLNM; P\u2009=\u20090.003 for fLNM). Lesion-deficit maps also implicated the existence of distinct neuroanatomy for specific cognitive domains that was, in many cases, only apparent and clearly distinct from lesion-deficit maps of g after partitioning out the influence of g. Overall, our findings suggest that, if left unaccounted for, domain-general cognitive variance could tangibly affect conclusions about the extent to which different cognitive functions rely on distinct neuroanatomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhag120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T11:41:14Z","timestamp":1784374874000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognition disconnected: the influence of domain-general cognition (g) in lesion-deficit mapping"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Sozer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5548-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Griffis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA \u00a0 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Langbehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Bruss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA \u00a0 52242 ,","place":["United 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,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tranel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa , 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7865-9257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron D","family":"Boes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA \u00a0 52242 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3304-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Bowren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Iowa Neuroscience Institute , 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United 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