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Here we used the longstanding observation that alpha-band activity is not unitary, and that some individuals exhibit multiple alpha peaks, as an entry point for examining cortical gradients in resting-state electroencephalography (EEG). We analyzed source-reconstructed EEG from 608 adults, comprising 3,255 recordings acquired across eyes-open and eyes-closed rest before and after cognitive testing. Within individuals, parcel-wise alpha peak frequencies frequently departed from unimodality, revealing 2 separable alpha-frequency components in 38.3% of recordings. These components were not spatially arbitrary: frequency-defined clusters aligned with canonical functional networks, most prominently separating visual and somatomotor systems, although their relative frequency ordering varied across individuals. Low-dimensional analysis of cluster network composition further identified 2 principal axes: a sensory-differentiation axis contrasting visual and somatomotor contributions, and a sensorimotor\u2013association axis resembling established functional-connectomic gradients. These findings suggest that split alpha reflects multiple sensory-anchored oscillatory modes embedded within macroscale cortical gradients, linking a classical EEG phenomenon to the brain\u2019s hierarchical architecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhag169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:24:09Z","timestamp":1790335449000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct electroencephalography alpha-band rhythms map macroscale brain gradients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7554-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iryna","family":"Gunko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam 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