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We report multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data, including cortical thickness (Cth), subcortical volumes, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, from 27 transgender women (TrW), 40 transgender men (TrM), and 80 heterosexual (40 men) and 60 homosexual cisgender controls (30 men). These data show that whereas homosexuality is linked to cerebral sex dimorphism, gender dysphoria primarily involves cerebral networks mediating self\u2013body perception. Among the homosexual cisgender controls, weaker sex dimorphism was found in white matter connections and a partly reversed sex dimorphism in Cth. Similar patterns were detected in transgender persons compared with heterosexual cisgender controls, but the significant clusters disappeared when adding homosexual controls, and correcting for sexual orientation. Instead, both TrW and TrM displayed singular features, showing greater Cth as well as weaker structural and functional connections in the anterior cingulate-precuneus and right occipito-parietal cortex, regions known to process own body perception in the context of self.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T15:34:29Z","timestamp":1522769669000},"page":"2084-2101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Possible Neurobiological Underpinnings of Homosexuality and Gender Dysphoria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Manzouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Savic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2019072006395240300_bhy090C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114721","article-title":"Sexual orientation related differences in cortical thickness in male individuals","volume":"9","author":"Abe","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019072006395240300_bhy090C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0277","article-title":"Minireview: hormones and human sexual 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