{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:09:36Z","timestamp":1762459776963,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["785907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["785907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain aging is highly variable and represents a challenge to delimit aging from disease processes. Moreover, genetic factors may influence both aging and disease. Here we focused on this issue and investigated effects of multiple genetic loci previously identified to be associated with late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) on brain structure of older adults from a population sample. We calculated a genetic risk score (GRS) using genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies of AD and tested its effect on cortical thickness (CT). We observed a common pattern of cortical thinning (right inferior frontal, left posterior temporal, medial occipital cortex). To identify CT changes by specific biological processes, we subdivided the GRS effect according to AD-associated pathways and performed follow-up analyses. The common pattern from the main analysis was further differentiated by pathway-specific effects yielding a more bilateral pattern. Further findings were located in the superior parietal and mid\/anterior cingulate regions representing 2 unique pathway-specific patterns. All patterns, except the superior parietal pattern, were influenced by apolipoprotein E. Our step-wise approach revealed atrophy patterns that partially resembled imaging findings in early stages of AD. Our study provides evidence that genetic burden for AD contributes to structural brain variability in normal aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T19:09:44Z","timestamp":1564168184000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pathway-Specific Genetic Risk for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Differentiates Regional Patterns of Cortical Atrophy in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Svenja","family":"Caspers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre J\u00fclich, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"JARA-BRAIN, J\u00fclich-Aachen Research Alliance, J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie E","family":"R\u00f6ckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre J\u00fclich, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Jockwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre J\u00fclich, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"JARA-BRAIN, J\u00fclich-Aachen Research Alliance, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Bittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre J\u00fclich, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Teumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Herms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre J\u00fclich, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus M","family":"N\u00f6then","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Moebus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Amunts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre J\u00fclich, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"JARA-BRAIN, J\u00fclich-Aachen Research Alliance, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Cichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre J\u00fclich, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W","family":"M\u00fchleisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre J\u00fclich, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000012","article-title":"Late-onset Alzheimer disease risk variants mark brain regulatory loci","volume":"1","author":"Allen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0516","article-title":"Brodmann\u2019s areas 17 and 18 brought into stereotaxic space\u2014where and how variable?","volume":"11","author":"Amunts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12220","article-title":"Oculo-visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia","volume":"35","author":"Armstrong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018","article-title":"Unified segmentation","volume":"26","author":"Ashburner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.059","article-title":"The effects of aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease on cerebral cortical anatomy: specificity and differential relationships with cognition","volume":"76","author":"Bakkour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.12.007","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease first symptoms are age dependent: evidence from the NACC dataset","volume":"11","author":"Barnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00149","article-title":"Studying variability in human brain aging in a population-based German cohort\u2014rationale and design of 1000BRAINS","volume":"6","author":"Caspers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.1","article-title":"Increased expression of BIN1 mediates Alzheimer genetic risk by modulating tau pathology","volume":"18","author":"Chapuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.028","article-title":"Association of Alzheimer\u2019s disease GWAS loci with MRI markers of brain aging","volume":"36","author":"Chauhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70289-7","article-title":"Posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"11","author":"Crutch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160195","article-title":"Pathway-specific polygenic risk scores as predictors of amyloid-\u03b2 deposition and cognitive function in a sample at increased risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"Darst","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn113","article-title":"The cortical signature of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: regionally specific cortical thinning relates to symptom severity in very mild to mild AD dementia and is detectable in asymptomatic amyloid-positive individuals","volume":"19","author":"Dickerson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70223-4","article-title":"Revising the definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a new lexicon","volume":"9","author":"Dubois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034","article-title":"A new SPM toolbox for combining probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and functional imaging data","volume":"25","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi105","article-title":"The human parietal operculum: I. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of subdivisions","volume":"16","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi106","article-title":"The human parietal operculum: II. Stereotaxic maps and correlation with functional imaging results","volume":"16","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis II: Inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system","volume":"9","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","article-title":"Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images","volume":"97","author":"Fischl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2014.02.004","article-title":"What is normal in normal aging? Effects of aging, amyloid and Alzheimer\u2019s disease on the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus","volume":"117","author":"Fjell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.02.033","article-title":"Multimodal brain imaging reveals structural differences in Alzheimer\u2019s disease polygenic risk carriers: a study in healthy young adults","volume":"81","author":"Foley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5040-7","article-title":"In vivo mapping of incremental cortical atrophy from incipient to overt Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"256","author":"Frisoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.3.484","article-title":"Atypical and typical presentations of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathological study of 13 cases","volume":"123","author":"Galton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref24","first-page":"391","article-title":"Neuroplasticity and cognitive aging: the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition","volume":"27","author":"Goh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.037","article-title":"SnapShot: genetics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"155","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e775","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.39","article-title":"Advanced brain aging: relationship with epidemiologic and genetic risk factors, and overlap with Alzheimer disease atrophy patterns","volume":"6","author":"Habes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.440","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Harold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131058","article-title":"Polygenic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease is not associated with cognitive ability or cognitive aging in non-demented older people","volume":"39","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0098-16.2016","article-title":"An Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetic risk score predicts longitudinal thinning of hippocampal complex subregions in healthy older adults","volume":"3","author":"Harrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2015.11.008","article-title":"Prediction of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology based on cortical thickness patterns","volume":"2","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1042","article-title":"DemTect: a new, sensitive cognitive screening test to support the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early dementia","volume":"19","author":"Kalbe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.006","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk genes and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis","volume":"77","author":"Karch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0148717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148717","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk polymorphisms regulate gene expression in the ZCWPW1 and the CELF1 loci","volume":"11","author":"Karch","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.02.006","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the next frontier\u2014special report 2017","volume":"13","author":"Karlawish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0390-9","article-title":"Cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human dorsal extrastriate cortex","volume":"218","author":"Kujovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2802","article-title":"Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"45","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.08.017","article-title":"Cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in posterior cortical atrophy and typical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Lehmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635207001374","article-title":"Rates of decline distinguish Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment relative to normal aging: integrating cognition and brain function","volume":"6","author":"Liddell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.01.006","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk variants modulate endophenotypes in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"12","author":"Louwersheimer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.12.023","article-title":"The effect of increased genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease on hippocampal and amygdala volume","volume":"40","author":"Lupton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.038","article-title":"Progressive cortical thinning and subcortical atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Mak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj181","article-title":"Cytoarchitectonic analysis of the human extrastriate cortex in the region of V5\/MT+: a probabilistic, stereotaxic map of area hOc5","volume":"17","author":"Malikovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140777","article-title":"Effects of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated risk loci on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and disease progression: a polygenic risk score approach","volume":"43","author":"Martiskainen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b16431","article-title":"Regional rates of neocortical atrophy from normal aging to early Alzheimer disease","volume":"73","author":"McDonald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002922","article-title":"Polygenic risk of Alzheimer disease is associated with early- and late-life processes","volume":"87","author":"Mormino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.053","article-title":"Functional organization of human subgenual cortical areas: relationship between architectonical segregation and connectional heterogeneity","volume":"115","author":"Palomero-Gallagher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656","article-title":"The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding","volume":"60","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R37","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199806220-00001","article-title":"Regional differences in the effects of task difficulty and motor output on blood flow response in the human anterior cingulate cortex: a review of 107 PET activation studies","volume":"9","author":"Paus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.01.002","article-title":"Brain atrophy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and aging","volume":"30","author":"Pini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"article-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing [Computer programme]","year":"2010","author":"R Development Core Team","key":"2019081202345111700_ref51"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.05.006","article-title":"APOE-related biomarker profiles in non-pathological aging and early phases of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Reinvang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.03.016","article-title":"Brain aging: reorganizing discoveries about the aging mind","volume":"15","author":"Reuter-Lorenz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-014-9270-9","article-title":"How does it STAC up? Revisiting the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition","volume":"24","author":"Reuter-Lorenz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081202345111700_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy109","article-title":"Sex differences in the adult human brain: evidence from 5216 UK biobank participants","volume":"28","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s40142-014-0034-x","article-title":"Late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease genes and the potentially implicated pathways","volume":"2","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Genet Med Rep."},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.167","article-title":"The dynamics of cortical and hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer disease","volume":"68","author":"Sabuncu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr348","article-title":"The association between a polygenic Alzheimer score and cortical thickness in clinically normal subjects","volume":"22","author":"Sabuncu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91709-U","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele distributions in late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease and in other amyloid-forming diseases","volume":"342","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm116","article-title":"Observer-independent cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human superior parietal cortex","volume":"18","author":"Scheperjans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm241","article-title":"Probabilistic maps, morphometry, and variability of cytoarchitectonic areas in the human superior parietal cortex","volume":"18","author":"Scheperjans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123579","article-title":"Assessment of clinically silent atherosclerotic disease and established and novel risk factors for predicting myocardial infarction and cardiac death in healthy middle-aged subjects: rationale and design of the Heinz Nixdorf RECALL study. Risk factors, evaluation of coronary calcium and lifestyle","volume":"144","author":"Schmermund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000440841","article-title":"Defining the genetic architecture of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: where next","volume":"16","author":"Sims","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.5.1977","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease","volume":"90","author":"Strittmatter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2016.06.003","article-title":"Exploring individual differences in task switching. Persistence and other personality traits related to anterior cingulate cortex function","volume":"229","author":"Umemoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2015.117","article-title":"The genetic landscape of Alzheimer disease: clinical implications and perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Van Cauwenberghe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70306-9","article-title":"Early-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the case of the missing APOE \u03b54 allele","volume":"10","author":"Van der Flier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.04.009","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease genes and cognition in the nondemented general population","volume":"73","author":"Verhaaren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003322","article-title":"Presymptomatic cortical thinning in familial Alzheimer disease\u2014a longitudinal MRI study","volume":"87","author":"Weston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028","article-title":"Cortical thickness or grey matter volume? The importance of selecting the phenotype for imaging genetics studies","volume":"53","author":"Winkler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2019081202345111700_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2776","article-title":"Centenary of Brodmann\u2019s map\u2014conception and fate","volume":"11","author":"Zilles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Cerebral Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhz127\/29113595\/bhz127.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T22:43:48Z","timestamp":1610664228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhz127\/5538867"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"references-count":71,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhz127","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1047-3211"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1460-2199"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"article-number":"bhz127"}}