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However, the neural mechanisms that underlie adaptive communication between brain regions are not well understood. In this study, we combined theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the sources of top-down biasing signals that influence task-evoked functional connectivity. Subjects viewed sequences of images of faces and buildings and were required to detect repetitions (2-back vs. 1-back) of the attended stimuli category (faces or buildings). We found that functional connectivity between ventral temporal cortex and the primary visual cortex (VC) increased during processing of task-relevant stimuli, especially during higher memory loads. Furthermore, the strength of functional connectivity was greater for correct trials. Increases in task-evoked functional connectivity strength were correlated with increases in activity in multiple frontal, parietal, and subcortical (caudate and thalamus) regions. Finally, we found that TMS to superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), but not to primary somatosensory cortex, decreased task-specific modulation in connectivity patterns between the primary VC and the parahippocampal place area. These findings demonstrate that the human IPS is a source of top-down biasing signals that modulate task-evoked functional connectivity among task-relevant cortical regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T21:34:10Z","timestamp":1561066450000},"page":"875-887","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Human Intraparietal Sulcus Modulates Task-Evoked Functional Connectivity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1064-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and the Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Shine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dillan","family":"Cellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and the Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"D\u2019Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14675","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202095109","article-title":"Top-down attention switches coupling between low-level and high-level areas of human visual cortex","volume":"109","author":"Al-Aidroos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-011-9109-y","article-title":"An open source multivariate framework for n-tissue segmentation with evaluation on public data","volume":"9","author":"Avants","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.02.004","article-title":"Cognitive control, hierarchy, and the rostro-caudal organization of the frontal lobes","volume":"12","author":"Badre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and cognitive control","volume":"108","author":"Botvinick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08002","article-title":"Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses","volume":"459","author":"Cardin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00187","article-title":"Goal-directed attention alters the tuning of object-based representations in extrastriate cortex","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.12.054","article-title":"Task activations produce spurious but systematic inflation of task functional connectivity estimates","volume":"189","author":"Cole","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2016.0475","article-title":"FMRI clustering in AFNI: false-positive rates redux","volume":"7","author":"Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015031","article-title":"The cognitive neuroscience of working memory","volume":"66","author":"D'Esposito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"2020072820070147700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. 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