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Some of these findings were linked with cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, which have roots in altered prenatal brain development. However, little is known about structural asymmetries or sexual dimorphism of transient fetal compartments that arise in utero. Thus, we aimed to identify structural asymmetries and sexual dimorphism in the volume of transient fetal compartments (cortical plate [CP] and subplate [SP]) across 22 regions. For this purpose, we used in vivo structural T2-weighted MRIs of 42 healthy fetuses (16.43\u201336.86 gestational weeks old, 15 females). We found significant leftward asymmetry in the volume of the CP and SP in the inferior frontal gyrus. The orbitofrontal cortex showed significant rightward asymmetry in the volume of CP merged with SP. Males had significantly larger volumes in regions belonging to limbic, occipital, and frontal lobes, which were driven by a significantly larger SP. Lastly, we did not observe sexual dimorphism in the growth trajectories of the CP or SP. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that structural asymmetries and sexual dimorphism in relative volumes of cortical regions are present during prenatal brain development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T19:11:46Z","timestamp":1565291506000},"page":"1752-1767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Quantitative In vivo MRI Assessment of Structural Asymmetries and Sexual Dimorphism of Transient Fetal Compartments in the Human Brain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Lana","family":"Vasung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin K","family":"Rollins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuk Jin","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemente","family":"Velasco-Annis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennings","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience\/Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Wagstyl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience\/Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon K","family":"Warfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry A","family":"Feldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P Ellen","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Gholipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020040606553017300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520390073019","article-title":"Anterior speech region. 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