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Our results confirm the polygenic architecture of neuroanatomical diversity, with SNPs capturing from 40% to 54% of regional brain volume variance. Chromosomal length correlated with the amount of phenotypic variance captured, r\u00a0~\u20090.64 on average, suggesting that at a global scale causal variants are homogeneously distributed across the genome. At a local scale, SNPs within genes (~51%) captured ~1.5 times more genetic variance than the rest, and SNPs with low minor allele frequency (MAF) captured less variance than the rest: the 40% of SNPs with MAF &amp;lt;5% captured &amp;lt;one fourth of the genetic variance. We also observed extensive pleiotropy across regions, with an average genetic correlation of rG\u00a0~\u20090.45. Genetic correlations were similar to phenotypic and environmental correlations; however, genetic correlations were often larger than phenotypic correlations for the left\/right volumes of the same region. The heritability of differences in left\/right volumes was generally not statistically significant, suggesting an important influence of environmental causes in the variability of brain asymmetry. Our code is available athttps:\/\/github.com\/neuroanatomy\/genomic-architecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T15:10:39Z","timestamp":1581606639000},"page":"2307-2320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Polygenic Architecture of Human Neuroanatomical Diversity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Biton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3571, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Paris 75015, France"},{"name":"Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique\u2014D\u00e9partement Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris 75015, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Traut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3571, 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