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The differences in structure may indicate a fundamentally different circuit organization. However, the folded brain most likely is a direct result of mechanical forces when considering that a larger surface area of cortex packs into the restricted volume provided by the skull. Here, we introduce a computational model that instead of modeling mechanical forces relies on dimension reduction methods to place neurons according to specific connectivity requirements. For a simplified connectivity with strong local and weak long-range connections, our model predicts a transition from separate ganglia through smooth brain structures to heavily folded brains as the number of cortical columns increases. The model reproduces experimentally determined relationships between metrics of cortical folding and its pathological phenotypes in lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, microcephaly, autism, and schizophrenia. This suggests that mechanical forces that are known to lead to cortical folding may synergistically contribute to arrangements that reduce wiring. Our model provides a unified conceptual understanding of gyrification linking cellular connectivity and macroscopic structures in large-scale neural network models of the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T19:25:08Z","timestamp":1569957908000},"page":"2434-2451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Model of Brain Folding Based on Strong Local and Weak Long-Range Connectivity Requirements"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Moritz","family":"Groden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernst Str\u00fcngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main D-60528, Germany"},{"name":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany"},{"name":"ICAR3R\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen D-35390, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Weigand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernst Str\u00fcngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main D-60528, Germany"},{"name":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Triesch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, 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