{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:00:34Z","timestamp":1791882034804,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bernard Wolfe Health Neuroscience Fund and the Wellcome Trust","award":["RNAG\/259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RNAG\/259"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The development of executive function is linked to maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in childhood. Childhood obesity has been associated with changes in brain structure, particularly in PFC, as well as deficits in executive functions. We aimed to determine whether differences in cortical structure mediate the relationship between executive function and childhood obesity. We analyzed MR-derived measures of cortical thickness for 2700 children between the ages of 9 and 11\u00a0years, recruited as part of the NIH Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We related our findings to measures of executive function and body mass index (BMI). In our analysis, increased BMI was associated with significantly reduced mean cortical thickness, as well as specific bilateral reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal cortical regions. This relationship remained after accounting for age, sex, race, parental education, household income, birth-weight, and in-scanner motion. Increased BMI was also associated with lower executive function. Reduced thickness in the rostral medial and superior frontal cortex, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex partially accounted for reductions in executive function. These results suggest that childhood obesity is associated with compromised executive function. This relationship may be partly explained by BMI-associated reduced cortical thickness in the PFC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T15:26:26Z","timestamp":1570116386000},"page":"2519-2528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Childhood Obesity, Cortical Structure, and Executive Function in Healthy Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Ronan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8HA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Alexander-Bloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8HA UK"},{"name":"Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK"},{"name":"The Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories (IMS-MRL), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020042203460784200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/mono.12038","article-title":"NIH toolbox cognition battery (CB): composite scores of crystallized, fluid, and overall cognition","volume":"78","author":"Akshoomoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Monogr Soc Res Child Dev"},{"key":"2020042203460784200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000001","article-title":"The NIH toolbox cognition battery: results 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