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Here, we use the Human Connectome Project (HCP) N-back task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset to examine individual differences and genetic influences on the coding of working memory load (0-back, 2-back) and perceptual category (Face, Place). Participants were grouped into 105 monozygotic twin, 78 dizygotic twin, 99 nontwin sibling, and 100 unrelated pairs. Activation pattern similarity was used to test the hypothesis that FrontoParietal regions would have higher similarity for same load conditions, while Visual regions would have higher similarity in same perceptual category conditions. Results confirmed this highly robust regional double dissociation in neural coding, which also predicted individual differences in behavioral performance. In pair-based analyses, anatomically selective genetic relatedness effects were observed: relatedness predicted greater activation pattern similarity in FrontoParietal only for load coding and in Visual only for perceptual coding. Further, in related pairs, the similarity of load coding in FrontoParietal regions was uniquely associated with behavioral performance. Together, these results highlight the power of task fMRI pattern similarity analyses for detecting key coding and heritability features of brain regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T16:04:35Z","timestamp":1575302675000},"page":"3167-3183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pattern Similarity Analyses of FrontoParietal Task Coding: Individual Variation and Genetic Influences"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Joset A","family":"Etzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2019el","family":"Courtney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA"},{"name":"Division of Medical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin E","family":"Carey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"},{"name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Z","family":"Gehred","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpana","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd S","family":"Braver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050409480867500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/517599","article-title":"A domain-general cognitive core defined in multimodally parcellated human cortex","author":"Assem","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020050409480867500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.033","article-title":"Function in the human connectome: task-fMRI and individual differences in behavior","volume":"80","author":"Barch","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020050409480867500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.03.006","article-title":"Quantifying the heritability of task-related brain activation and performance during the N-back working memory task: a twin fMRI study","volume":"79","author":"Blokland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"30","key":"2020050409480867500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10882","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5334-10.2011","article-title":"Heritability of working memory brain activation","volume":"31","author":"Blokland","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020050409480867500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.010","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of working memory brain activation","volume":"115","author":"Blokland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020050409480867500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.11.031","article-title":"Decoding sequential stages of task preparation in the human brain","volume":"45","author":"Bode","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020050409480867500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.03.002","article-title":"Vive les differences! 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