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In search for direct evidence concerning the involvement of beta oscillations in reversal learning, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was applied in a double-blind, sham-controlled and between-subjects design. Exogenous oscillatory currents were administered bilaterally to the frontal cortex at 20\u00a0Hz with an intensity of 1\u00a0mA peak-to-peak and the effects on reward-punishment based reversal learning were evaluated in hundred-and-eight healthy volunteers. Pre- and post-tACS resting state EEG recordings were analyzed. Results showed that beta-tACS improved rule implementation during reversal learning and decreases left and right resting-state frontal theta\/beta EEG ratios following tACS. Our findings provide the first behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for exogenous 20\u00a0Hz oscillatory electric field potentials administered over to the frontal cortex to improve reversal learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T20:09:54Z","timestamp":1574453394000},"page":"3286-3295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Frontal Beta Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Improves Reversal Learning"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Miles","family":"Wischnewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 6537 RD, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mie L","family":"Joergensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 6537 RD, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boukje","family":"Compen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 6537 RD, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J L G","family":"Schutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2020050409480548400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-160714","article-title":"Intrahemispheric theta rhythm desynchronization impairs working memory","volume":"35","author":"Alekseichuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci."},{"key":"2020050409480548400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.09.008","article-title":"Frontal EEG theta\/beta ratio as an electrophysiological marker for attentional control and its test-retest reliability","volume":"121","author":"Angelidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychol."},{"key":"2020050409480548400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.01.004","article-title":"Oscillations in the prefrontal cortex: a gateway to memory and attention","volume":"21","author":"Benchenane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"2020050409480548400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(97)02250-4","article-title":"Neurophysiological methods for studies of the motor system in freely moving human subjects","volume":"74","author":"Capaday","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods."},{"key":"2020050409480548400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.1.129","article-title":"Studies on the corticospinal control of human walking. 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