{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:05:28Z","timestamp":1779253528784,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de recherche du Que\u0301bec - Sante\u0301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["283144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["283144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OD, GD) are prevalent symptoms following COVID-19 and persist in 6%\u201344% of individuals post-infection. As only few reports have described their prognosis after 6 months, our main objective was to assess the prevalence of OD and GD 11-month post-COVID-19. We also aimed to determine intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of chemosensory self-ratings for the follow-up of chemosensory sensitivity. We designed an observational study and distributed an online questionnaire assessing chemosensory function to healthcare workers with a RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection 5- and 11-month post-COVID-19. Specifically, we assessed olfaction, gustation, and trigeminal sensitivity (10-point visual analog scale) and function (4-point Likert scale). We further measured clinically relevant OD using the Chemosensory Perception Test, a psychophysical test designed to provide a reliable remote olfactory evaluation. We included a total of 366 participants (mean [SD] age of 44.8 (11.7) years old). They completed the last online questionnaire 10.6 months (0.7) after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Of all participants, 307 (83.9%) and 301 (82.2%) individuals retrospectively reported lower olfactory or gustatory sensitivity during the acute phase of COVID-19. At the time of evaluation, 184 (50.3%) and 163 (44.5%) indicated reduced chemosensory sensitivity, 32.2% reported impairment of olfactory function while 24.9% exhibited clinically relevant OD. Olfactory sensitivity had a high test\u2013retest reliability (ICC: 0.818; 95% CI: 0.760\u20130.860). This study suggests that chemosensory dysfunctions persist in a third of COVID-19 patients 11 months after COVID-19. OD appears to be a common symptom of post-COVID-19 important to consider when treating patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjac010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T15:26:53Z","timestamp":1650986813000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Persisting chemosensory impairments in 366 healthcare workers following COVID-19: an 11-month follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1376-2421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Bussiere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4221-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Levesque-Boissonneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Carazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Gros-Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2031-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Robert","family":"Laforce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1592-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaston","family":"De Serres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7270-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dupre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Frasnelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e08799","article-title":"Insight into COVID-19\u2019s epidemiology, pathology, and treatment.","volume":"8","author":"Aimrane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"63","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0002","article-title":"Raincloud plots: a multi-platform tool for robust data visualization.","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2021.100919","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of taste disorder in COVID-19 patients, the hypersensitivity to salty quality.","volume":"43","author":"Asadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103065","article-title":"Eight-month follow-up of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in recovered COVID-19 patients.","volume":"42","author":"Biadsee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06839-w","article-title":"Self-reported smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a one-year prospective study.","volume":"279","author":"Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.3993","article-title":"Comprehensive chemosensory psychophysical evaluation of self-reported gustatory dysfunction in patients with long-term COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"148","author":"Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0007","first-page":"517","article-title":"High prevalence of long-term olfactory, gustatory, and chemesthesis dysfunction in post-COVID-19 patients: a matched case-control study with one-year follow-up using a comprehensive psychophysical evaluation.","volume":"59","author":"Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bjab038","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjab038","article-title":"Chemosensory dysfunctions induced by COVID-19 can persist up to 7 months: a study of over 700 healthcare workers.","volume":"46","author":"Bussiere","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17504","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96987-0","article-title":"Assessing the extent and timing of chemosensory impairments during COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"11","author":"Cecchetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103239","article-title":"Predictors of smell recovery in a nationwide prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19.","volume":"43","author":"Coelho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt072","article-title":"Olfactory disorders and quality of life\u2014an updated review.","volume":"39","author":"Croy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1991.01870170065015","article-title":"Smell and taste disorders, a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center.","volume":"117","author":"Deems","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199603000-00021","article-title":"Development of the 12-item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT).","volume":"106","author":"Doty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"23","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3145","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010806","article-title":"Loss of smell in patients with COVID-19: MRI data reveal a transient edema of the olfactory clefts.","volume":"95","author":"Eliezer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4921","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05611-6","article-title":"Qualitative smell\/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19.","volume":"42","author":"Ercoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bjab028","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjab028","article-title":"Recovery from COVID-19-related olfactory disorders and quality of life: insights from an observational online study.","volume":"46","author":"Ferdenzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07052-8","article-title":"Self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients: a 1-year follow-up study in Foggia district, Italy.","volume":"22","author":"Fortunato","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.07.023","article-title":"Smell loss is a prognostic factor for lower severity of coronavirus disease 2019.","volume":"125","author":"Foster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5612","article-title":"Symptoms and functional impairment assessed 8 months after mild COVID-19 among health care workers.","volume":"325","author":"Havervall","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221511200076X","article-title":"Comparison of subjective olfaction ratings in patients with and without olfactory disorders.","volume":"126","author":"Haxel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561264","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.561264","article-title":"Clinical symptom differences between mild and severe COVID-19 patients in China: a meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0022","first-page":"26","article-title":"Six month follow-up of self-reported loss of smell during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"59","author":"Hopkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-020-00423-8","article-title":"Early recovery following new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014an observational cohort study.","volume":"49","author":"Hopkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22788","article-title":"Systemic corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related smell dysfunction: an international view.","volume":"11","author":"Huart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000500558","article-title":"Advances in understanding parosmia: an fMRI study.","volume":"81","author":"Iannilli","year":"2019","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phantosmia with COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction: report of nine case.","author":"Islek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07285-7","article-title":"Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration.","volume":"7","author":"Kakutani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research.","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0029","first-page":"130","article-title":"Clinical features in Russian patients with COVID-associated parosmia\/phanthosmia.","volume":"33","author":"Kopishinskaia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13209","article-title":"Prevalence and 6-month recovery of olfactory dysfunction: a multicentre study of 1363 COVID-19 patients.","volume":"290","author":"Lechien","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4102","article-title":"Prognosis of postviral olfactory loss: follow-up study for longer than one year.","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/27.7.611","article-title":"Distortion of olfactory perception: diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"27","author":"Leopold","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28258","article-title":"Retronasal olfactory function in patients with smell loss but subjectively normal flavor perception.","volume":"130","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29277","article-title":"Parosmia is associated with relevant olfactory recovery after olfactory training.","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjz029","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of self-rated olfactory performance\u2014a data science-based assessment of 6000 patients.","volume":"44","author":"Lotsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06120-6","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a review of current evidence.","volume":"278","author":"Mehraeen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.26186.1","article-title":"Predictors of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Mudatsir","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2876","article-title":"Severe chemotherapy-induced parosmia.","volume":"20","author":"Muller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0039","author":"NIH","year":"2022"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0040","article-title":"Increasing incidence of parosmia and phantosmia in patients recovering from COVID-19 smell loss.","author":"Ohla","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2021.07.012","article-title":"Patients with COVID-19-associated olfactory impairment also show impaired trigeminal function.","volume":"49","author":"Otte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjaa041","article-title":"More than smell-COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis.","volume":"45","author":"Parma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221512100116X","article-title":"Six-month smell and taste recovery rates in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a prospective psychophysical study.","volume":"135","author":"Petrocelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22688","article-title":"Association of subjective olfactory dysfunction and 12-item odor identification testing in ambulatory COVID-19 patients.","volume":"10","author":"Prajapati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0157-0","article-title":"A study on the prognostic significance of qualitative olfactory dysfunction.","volume":"264","author":"Reden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3702","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14994","article-title":"Predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction.","volume":"28","author":"Saussez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060698","article-title":"Short-term efficacy and safety of oral and nasal corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction: a European multicenter study.","volume":"10","author":"Saussez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809324-5.23795-4","article-title":"Regeneration of the olfactory epithelium.","volume-title":"The senses: a comprehensive reference","author":"Schwob","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24105","article-title":"Stem and progenitor cells of the mammalian olfactory epithelium: taking poietic license.","volume":"525","author":"Schwob","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13411-015-0040-2","article-title":"Just how much of what we taste derives from the sense of smell?","volume":"4","author":"Spence","year":"2015","journal-title":"Flavour"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-386860-2\/00685-7","article-title":"Taste and smell.","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of gastroenterology","author":"Spielman","year":"2004"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.6.635","article-title":"Characteristics of olfactory disorders in relation to major causes of olfactory loss.","volume":"128","author":"Temmel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820926473","article-title":"The prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"163","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0054","first-page":"21","article-title":"Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of long-lasting olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients.","volume":"59","author":"Vaira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0055","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prevalence of persistent olfactory disorders in patients with COVID-19: a psychophysical case-control study with 1-year follow-up.","volume":"59","author":"Vaira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0056","first-page":"125","article-title":"Olfactory disorders following upper respiratory tract infections.","volume":"63","author":"Welge-Lussen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022050612142298100_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00182-4","article-title":"Post-viral effects of COVID-19 in the olfactory system and their implications.","volume":"20","author":"Xydakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"}],"container-title":["Chemical Senses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chemse\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjac010\/43589116\/bjac010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chemse\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjac010\/43589116\/bjac010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T08:15:38Z","timestamp":1651824938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chemse\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjac010\/6581702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjac010","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.12.20.21268066","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0379-864X","1464-3553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-864X","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"article-number":"bjac010"}}