{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:58:17Z","timestamp":1788397097351,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Smell detection depends on nasal airflow, which can make absorption of odors to the olfactory epithelium by diffusion through the mucus layer. The odors then act on the chemo-sensitive epithelium of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Therefore, any pathological changes in the olfactory area, for instance, dry nose caused by Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome (SS) may interfere with olfactory function. SS is an autoimmune disease in which aquaporin (AQP) 5 autoantibodies have been detected in the serum. However, the expression of AQP5 in olfactory mucosa and its function in olfaction is still unknown. Based on the study of the expression characteristics of AQP5 protein in the nasal mucosa, the olfaction dysfunction in AQP5 knockout (KO) mice was found by olfactory behavior analysis, which was accompanied by reduced secretion volume of Bowman\u2019s gland by using in vitro secretion measure system, and the change of acid mucin in nasal mucus layer was identified. By excluding the possibility that olfactory disturbance was caused by changes in OSNs, the result indicated that AQP5 contributes to olfactory functions by regulating the volume and composition of OE mucus layer, which is the medium for the dissolution of odor molecules. Our results indicate that AQP5 can affect the olfactory functions by regulating the water supply of BGs and the mucus layer upper the OE that can explain the olfactory loss in the patients of SS, and AQP5 KO mice might be used as an ideal model to study the olfactory dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjad030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T21:35:00Z","timestamp":1692221700000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ablation of AQP5 gene in mice leads to olfactory dysfunction caused by hyposecretion of Bowman\u2019s gland"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0556-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinnan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, Changchun , Jilin , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"},{"name":"Department of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models for Human Disease, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zinan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9338-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonghui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0435-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianmei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.69.1","article-title":"Immunolocalization of water channel aquaporins in the nasal olfactory mucosa","volume":"69","author":"Ablimit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Histol Cytol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-301547","article-title":"Autofluorescence imaging of human RPE cell granules using structured illumination microscopy","volume":"96","author":"Ach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(95)80003-4","article-title":"Aquaporin water channels: unanswered questions and unresolved controversies","volume":"7","author":"Agre","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517717965","article-title":"Functional epitopes for anti-aquaporin 5 antibodies in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Alam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2011.10.011","article-title":"Smell and taste disorders","volume":"20","author":"Allis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-004-0028-y","article-title":"Nasal manifestations of systemic illnesses","volume":"4","author":"Alobid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"51","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13346","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b04471","article-title":"Molecular basis of mammalian odor discrimination: a status report","volume":"66","author":"Block","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjx025","article-title":"Anosmia-a clinical review","volume":"42","author":"Boesveldt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.68.1.425","article-title":"Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels","volume":"68","author":"Borgnia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16047","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.47","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12777","article-title":"Anosmia, mild cognitive impairment, and biomarkers of brain aging in older adults","volume":"19","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dement"},{"issue":"6344","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/353529a0","article-title":"A gene deleted in Kallmann\u2019s syndrome shares homology with neural cell adhesion and axonal path-finding molecules","volume":"353","author":"Franco","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1986.66.3.772","article-title":"Functional properties of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons","volume":"66","author":"Getchell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(84)90008-X","article-title":"Perireceptor and receptor events in vertebrate olfaction","volume":"23","author":"Getchell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050276","article-title":"Polarized distribution of key membrane transport proteins in the rat submandibular gland","volume":"433","author":"He","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-76-3-375","article-title":"Abnormalities of taste and smell in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Henkin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041182","article-title":"Dynamics of salivary gland AQP5 under normal and pathologic conditions","volume":"21","author":"Hosoi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111863","article-title":"Associations of anti-aquaporin 5 autoantibodies with serologic and histopathological features of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7050","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)91480-6","article-title":"Lacrimal and salivary precipitating antibodies in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1958","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep249","article-title":"Impact of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome on smell and taste: effect on quality of life","volume":"48","author":"Kamel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000144835","article-title":"Distribution of epithelia and glands of the nasal septum mucosa in the rat","volume":"99","author":"Katz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Anat"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608384104","article-title":"Interaction between transcellular and paracellular water transport pathways through Aquaporin 5 and the tight junction complex","volume":"104","author":"Kawedia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1469","article-title":"From structure to disease: the evolving tale of aquaporin biology","volume":"5","author":"King","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0024","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Abnormal distribution of aquaporin-5 in salivary glands in the NOD mouse model for Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Konttinen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11050493","article-title":"Sustentacular cell enwrapment of olfactory receptor neuronal dendrites: an update","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"29","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20071","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.29.20071","article-title":"Defective secretion of saliva in transgenic mice lacking aquaporin-5 water channels","volume":"274","author":"Ma","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22567","article-title":"Microglial cystatin F expression is a sensitive indicator for ongoing demyelination with concurrent remyelination","volume":"89","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.09023","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of the aquaporins AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, and AQP5 in the mouse respiratory system","volume":"42","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2860","article-title":"Gene therapy rescues cilia defects and restores olfactory function in a mammalian ciliopathy model","volume":"18","author":"McIntyre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782829","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.782829","article-title":"Aquaporins in cancer biology","volume":"12","author":"Moon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0814","article-title":"Tear secretion by lacrimal glands in transgenic mice lacking water channels AQP1, AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5","volume":"70","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00536-3","article-title":"Mouse aquaporin 10 gene (AQP10) is a pseudogene","volume":"294","author":"Morinaga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1549","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1997.273.5.C1549","article-title":"Aquaporins in complex tissues. II. Subcellular distribution in respiratory and glandular tissues of rat","volume":"273","author":"Nielsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3742","article-title":"Expression and localization of aquaporin 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in human nasal mucosa","volume":"26","author":"Seno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjr063","article-title":"Aquaporin pathways and mucin secretion of Bowman\u2019s glands might protect the olfactory mucosa","volume":"37","author":"Solbu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10440","article-title":"Treatment with infliximab restores normal aquaporin 5 distribution in minor salivary glands of patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Steinfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01292-y","article-title":"Attributes and predictors of long COVID","volume":"27","author":"Sudre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9257","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04140-4","article-title":"Defective cellular trafficking of lacrimal gland aquaporin-5 in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"357","author":"Tsubota","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.01.002","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: what we know and what we should learn","volume":"39","author":"Tzioufas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-043010-193843","article-title":"Aquaporins in clinical medicine","volume":"63","author":"Verkman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4226","article-title":"Aquaporins: important but elusive drug targets","volume":"13","author":"Verkman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/MCD.0b013e328306a704","article-title":"A familial CHARGE syndrome with a CHD7 nonsense mutation and new clinical features","volume":"17","author":"Vuorela","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0043","volume-title":"Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations","author":"Walker","year":"1990","edition":"3rd ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00318.x","article-title":"Aquaporins as potential drug targets","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213929","article-title":"Blockade of CD40-CD154 pathway interactions suppresses ectopic lymphoid structures and inhibits pathology in the NOD\/ShiLtJ mouse model of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"78","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9339","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11144-5","article-title":"Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and deficiency of ICA69","volume":"360","author":"Winer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10728","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10728","article-title":"Mucosal immunoglobulins at respiratory surfaces mark an ancient association that predates the emergence of tetrapods","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.01.001","article-title":"The interaction between respiratory pathogens and mucus","volume":"19","author":"Zanin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023122221090106500_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-182808","article-title":"Defective macrophage function in aquaporin-3 deficiency","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J"}],"container-title":["Chemical Senses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chemse\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjad030\/51118903\/bjad030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chemse\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjad030\/54763113\/bjad030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chemse\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjad030\/54763113\/bjad030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T21:09:36Z","timestamp":1703279376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chemse\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjad030\/7243346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":49,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjad030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-864X","1464-3553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-864X","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"article-number":"bjad030"}}