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Population-based studies have identified risk and protective factors for LT, yet low-SES families are underrepresented. This study examined LT and household characteristics among low-SES families. Mothers (n = 199; 42% Black, 42% White, 17% Other; Mean age = 31.62) completed sociodemographic questionnaires and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory when their children (46% female) were 22\u201330 months. Using logistic regression, the probability of LT based on household characteristics was examined. Children not attending child care had 4.71 times higher odds of LT than attendees. Researchers should examine whether participation in child care may increase language input and interaction, facilitative of learning, reducing LT risk. Implications for research and policy are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chidev\/aacag026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T18:00:20Z","timestamp":1774375220000},"page":"952-963","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Late talking in a low-income sample: Child care as a protective factor"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Avelar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Crane Center for Early Childhood Research & Policy, College of Education and Human Development, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britt","family":"Singletary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crane Center for Early Childhood Research & Policy, College of Education and Human Development, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip S","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M","family":"Justice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crane Center for Early Childhood Research & Policy, College of Education and Human Development, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051506374566200_aacag026-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1044\/2025_JSLHR-24-00637","article-title":"The impact of diverse parameters for late talker identification in a low-socioeconomic status sample","volume":"68","author":"Avelar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"2026051506374566200_aacag026-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/jola.12071","article-title":"Invited forum: Bridging the \u201clanguage gap.\u201d","volume":"25","author":"Avineri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology"},{"key":"2026051506374566200_aacag026-B3","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Late talkers: Language development, interventions, and outcomes","author":"Bleses","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026051506374566200_aacag026-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13389","article-title":"Infant and toddler child-care quality and stability in relation to proximal and distal academic and social outcomes","volume":"91","author":"Bratsch-Hines","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026051506374566200_aacag026-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5834.2010.00566.x","article-title":"First-year maternal employment and child development in the first 7 years: IV. 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