{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:27:31Z","timestamp":1783348051161,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program","award":["2022ZD0205100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZD0205100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32200880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Turn-taking in conversation entails periods of silence between talkers. Adults use the duration of these inter-turn intervals (ITIs) to draw inferences about the speaker. This study explores the emergence of these abilities in young children (104 Chinese children, 41\u201377 months, 44 female, 2025). Children watched cartoon vignettes in which a cartoon character requested help from two friends whose respective responses followed either a short (600\u2005ms) or long (4,000\u2005ms) delay. Children then judged the responders' willingness to help and stated which character they preferred. As age increased, children were more likely to judge slow responders as less willing and less preferable, (OR = 1.86\u20131.99), reaching above-chance levels around 51 months for willingness to help (OR = 2.12) and 53 months for friend preference (OR = 1.92). Interestingly, all children could distinguish fast from slow responses on an independent ITI discrimination task (OR = 11.14), suggesting younger children readily perceived timing differences but were unable to incorporate them into social inferences. Further, ITI-based inferences were unrelated to rhythmic ability but were predicted by Theory of Mind performance. These findings benchmark children's sensitivities to conversational timing in early social cognitive development, highlighting the role of emerging Theory of Mind abilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chidev\/aacag126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:12:52Z","timestamp":1783347172000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Young children use conversational timing as a\u00a0cue\u00a0for\u00a0prosocial commitment"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5988-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingjia","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4455-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dannuo","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6004-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University , Jinan ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health , Jinan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4191-5317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig G","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070610124573900_aacag126-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2010.04.012","article-title":"Preschoolers' appreciation of speaker vocal affect as a cue to referential intent","volume":"107","author":"Berman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental 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