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It is unclear if children's language ability influences their self-report measures. We tested language-related measurement invariance using moderated non-linear factor analyses. We used self-report data from children (10\u201311 years) with a wide range of language abilities, living in the UK, on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale\u201325 (RCADS\u201325; n = 342; 171 female; 80 with language difficulties) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire\u2013Youth Report (SDQ\u2013YR; n = 349; 174 female; 84 with language difficulties). Language-related differences were identified in both measures: six RCADS\u201325 items and three SDQ\u2013YR items functioned differently in relation to language ability. For the RCADS\u201325, these differences did not affect anxiety and depression factor means. For the SDQ\u2013YR, language-related item differences did affect peer problems and prosocial factor means, but not emotional problems, conduct problems, or hyperactivity. RCADS\u201325 factor scores appear robust for children with language difficulties, though item responses should be interpreted cautiously. In contrast, language-related differences in the SDQ\u2013YR may limit comparisons of peer problems and prosocial subscales across children with differing language abilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chidev\/aacag172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T11:51:42Z","timestamp":1787140302000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of children's language ability on self-report assessment of mental health: Testing measurement invariance using moderated non-linear factor analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8401-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University , Perth ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5420-8606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Boyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University , Perth ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University , Perth ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8753-9863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elien","family":"Vanluydt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University , Maastricht ,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9114-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah","family":"Padgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. 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