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Parents (N = 562; 98% mothers; 79% White; 96% affiliated with an early childhood music program) of children aged 0\u20135 years completed a sign-up survey and a 7-day ESM protocol in 2021. Music listening was ubiquitous in family life, often used for entertainment and emotion regulation. In over 75% of episodes, parents reported noticeable\u2014mostly positive\u2014changes in their children. Mixed-effects models showed stronger effects when children liked the music and it was less familiar as well as when the children were already demonstrating active behavior and the music was more energetic and pleasant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chidev\/aacag173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:41:29Z","timestamp":1787658089000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Music listening and young children's mood and behavior: The parents as home DJs study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Eun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Study Center, Yale University , New Haven, CT ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Miksza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs School of Music, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN ,","place":["United 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