{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:53:16Z","timestamp":1791478396740,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["429220405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["429220405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Young children's communicative skills in language and gesture are well documented, yet much less is known about their \u00adability to interpret graphical symbols. Across three coordinated studies using identical procedures, we examined children's spontaneous comprehension of unfamiliar graphic symbols in a simple object-choice task spanning a broad range of symbol\u2013referent relationships. Each study included four conditions in which reference was established through direct representation, part\u2013whole relations, analogies in size, number, and form, or gestalt principles such as orientation, alignment, and figure\u2013ground organization. Participants were 304 German-speaking children continuously sampled from age 3 to 7 (Study 1, N = 106, 51 female; Study 2, N = 99, 49 female; Study 3, N = 99, 55 female). Children reliably used direct representations to identify target objects before age 3, whereas group-level success in less iconic conditions emerged later but consistently before school entry. Across conditions involving abstract analogical correspondences, results indicate converging developments in symbolic competence around age 4. Together, these studies trace children's developing ability to understand graphical reference across a continuum from iconic to abstract and offer one of the most systematic investigations to date of how young children derive meaning from unfamiliar graphic symbols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chidev\/aacag179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:08:58Z","timestamp":1788520138000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Young children's spontaneous comprehension of symbol\u2013referent relationships in the graphic domain"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Gregor","family":"Kachel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology in Education, Leuphana University , L\u00fcneburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B M","family":"Haun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology , Leipzig ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Bohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology in Education, Leuphana University , L\u00fcneburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.2011.02043.x","article-title":"Twelve-month-olds\u2019 comprehension and production of pointing","volume":"30","author":"Behne","year":"2012","journal-title":"The British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12757","article-title":"Natural reference: A phylo- and ontogenetic perspective on the comprehension of iconic gestures and vocalizations","volume":"22","author":"Bohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26072","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904871116","article-title":"Young children spontaneously recreate core properties of language in a new modality","volume":"116","author":"Bohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13401","article-title":"An individual differences perspective on pragmatic abilities in the preschool years","volume":"26","author":"Bohn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674251083","volume-title":"The culture of education","author":"Bruner","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01","article-title":"Brms: An R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan","volume":"80","author":"B\u00fcrkner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00096","article-title":"Early understanding and production of graphic symbols","volume":"70","author":"Callaghan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B8","first-page":"250","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Volume 2. Cognitive processes","author":"Callaghan","year":"2015","edition":"7th ed."},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B9","first-page":"175","volume-title":"The development of attention","author":"Callaghan","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(00)00026-5","article-title":"Factors affecting children's graphic symbol use in the third year: Language, similarity, and iconicity","volume":"15","author":"Callaghan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B11","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Children's understanding and production of pictures, drawings, and art: Theoretical and empirical approaches","author":"Callaghan","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/15248372.2011.587853","article-title":"Young children's knowledge of the representational function of pictorial symbols: Development across the preschool years in three cultures","volume":"13","author":"Callaghan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition and Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2007.08.002","article-title":"Inhibitory control and emotion regulation in preschool children","volume":"22","author":"Carlson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12099","article-title":"Language helps children succeed on a classic analogy task","volume":"38","author":"Christie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1984.10478080","article-title":"Graphical perception: Theory, experimentation, and application to the development of graphical methods","volume":"79","author":"Cleveland","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12276","article-title":"When gesture becomes analogy","volume":"9","author":"Cooperrider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B17","volume-title":"Reading In the brain: The new science of how we read","author":"Dehaene","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1121739","article-title":"Core knowledge of geometry in an Amazonian indigene group","volume":"311","author":"Dehaene","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01566.x","article-title":"Symbolic functioning in very young children: Understanding of pictures and models","volume":"62","author":"DeLoache","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10772408","article-title":"Early understanding and use of symbols: The model model","volume":"4","author":"DeLoache","year":"1995","journal-title":"Current Directions in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.12.004","article-title":"Becoming symbol-minded","volume":"8","author":"DeLoache","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B22","first-page":"312","volume-title":"The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development","author":"DeLoache","year":"2011","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-2014(92)90019-N","article-title":"When a picture is not worth a thousand words: Young children's understanding of pictures and models","volume":"7","author":"DeLoache","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B24","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Executive functions and the frontal lobes","author":"De Luca","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn2802_7","article-title":"Preschool children's performance in task switching on the Dimensional Change Card Sort task: Separating the dimensions aids the ability to switch","volume":"28","author":"Diamond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210600625362","article-title":"Visual search in children and adults: Top-down and bottom-up mechanisms","volume":"60","author":"Donnelly","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1075\/pc.22.2.05fay","article-title":"Iconicity: From sign to system in human communication and language","volume":"22","author":"Fay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pragmatics & Cognition"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.17.1.99","article-title":"Young children's knowledge about visual perception: Further evidence for the Level 1\u2013Level 2 distinction","volume":"17","author":"Flavell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/15248370701836592","article-title":"Transfer between picture books and the real world by very young children","volume":"9","author":"Ganea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition and Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00022-5","article-title":"Shape and representational status in children's early naming","volume":"66","author":"Gelman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.2307\/1128356","article-title":"Children's performance on a spatial analogies task","volume":"48","author":"Gentner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12278","article-title":"Analogy and abstraction","volume":"9","author":"Gentner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2001.2649","article-title":"The development of visual search in infants and very young children","volume":"81","author":"Gerhardstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90013-4","article-title":"Analogical problem solving","volume":"12","author":"Gick","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13412","article-title":"Transformations and transfer: Preschool children understand abstract relations and reason analogically in a causal task","volume":"91","author":"Goddu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2307\/1130386","article-title":"Children's understanding of representational change and its relation to the understanding of false belief and the appearance-reality distinction","volume":"59","author":"Gopnik","year":"1988","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01511.x","article-title":"Analogical reasoning: What develops? A review of research and theory","volume":"62","author":"Goswami","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X98001769","article-title":"Processing capacity defined by relational complexity: Implications for comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology","volume":"21","author":"Halford","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0999152X","article-title":"The weirdest people in the world?","volume":"33","author":"Henrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221217110","article-title":"Ontogeny of prosocial behavior across diverse societies","volume":"110","author":"House","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17239\/L1ESLL-2013.01.10","article-title":"Inhibitory control and literacy development among 3- to 5-year-old children","volume":"14","author":"Jablonski","year":"2014","journal-title":"L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829409041485","article-title":"Beyond modularity: A developmental perspective on cognitive science","volume":"29","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001068","article-title":"The importance of inference in relational reasoning: Relational matching as a case study","volume":"151","author":"Kroupin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2021.105007","article-title":"You cannot find what you are not looking for: Population differences in relational reasoning are sometimes differences in inductive biases alone","volume":"222","author":"Kroupin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00862.x","article-title":"Adults\u2019 social cues facilitate young children's use of signs and symbols","volume":"13","author":"Leekam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X16000960","article-title":"From \u201csense of number\u201d to \u201csense of magnitude\u201d: The role of continuous magnitudes in numerical cognition","volume":"40","author":"Leibovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000619","article-title":"Real-world size is automatically encoded in preschoolers\u2019 object representations","volume":"45","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315372495","volume-title":"Statistical rethinking: A Bayesian course with examples in R and Stan","author":"McElreath","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195123005.001.0001","volume-title":"Quantitative development in infancy and early childhood","author":"Mix","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1075\/is.14.1.05moo","article-title":"Three-year-olds understand communicative intentions without language, gestures, or gaze","volume":"14","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interaction Studies"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-020-0404-9","article-title":"Language as shaped by the environment: Linguistic construal in a collaborative spatial task","volume":"6","author":"N\u00f6lle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Palgrave Communications"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B53","volume-title":"The world on paper: The conceptual and cognitive implications of writing and reading","author":"Olson","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00037-z","article-title":"Foundations of theory of mind and its development in early childhood","volume":"1","author":"Rakoczy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(98)90003-X","article-title":"More evidence for a relational shift in the development of analogy: Children's performance on a causal-mapping task","volume":"13","author":"Rattermann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2018.08.011","article-title":"Systematicity, but not compositionality: Examining the emergence of linguistic structure in children and adults using iterated learning","volume":"181","author":"Raviv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13236","volume":"25","author":"Reilly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2006.02.002","article-title":"Children's development of analogical reasoning: Insights from scene analogy problems","volume":"94","author":"Richland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(87)90057-9","article-title":"The development of selective attention: Holistic perception versus resource allocation","volume":"43","author":"Shepp","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B60","article-title":"When do children pass the relational-match-to-sample task?","volume":"(Vol. 45, pp. 2141\u20132148)","author":"Shivaram","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 45th annual conference of the cognitive science society"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2017.08.005","article-title":"Working memory predicts children's analogical reasoning","volume":"166","author":"Simms","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1214\/25-BA1569","article-title":"Uncertainty in Bayesian leave-one-out cross-validation based model comparison","volume":"1","author":"Sivula","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bayesian Analysis"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327647jcd0503_1","article-title":"Infants\u2019 understanding of looking, pointing, and reaching as cues to goal-directed action","volume":"5","author":"Sodian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition and Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B64","author":"Stan Development Team","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00827","article-title":"Visual relations children find easy and difficult to process in figural analogies","volume":"5","author":"Stevenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2010.01.001","article-title":"The development of analogy making in children: Cognitive load and executive functions","volume":"106","author":"Thibaut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B67","volume-title":"Origins of human communication","author":"Tomasello","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674726369","volume-title":"A natural history of human thinking","author":"Tomasello","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01985.x","article-title":"Comprehension of novel communicative signs by apes and human children","volume":"68","author":"Tomasello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01025.x","article-title":"A new look at infant pointing","volume":"78","author":"Tomasello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1348\/026151099165483","article-title":"Do young children use objects as symbols?","volume":"17","author":"Tomasello","year":"1999","journal-title":"The British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjf9vz4","volume-title":"Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes","author":"Vygotsky","year":"1980"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00304","article-title":"Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: The truth about false belief","volume":"72","author":"Wellman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Develop\u00adment"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780192849489.013.0012","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of iconicity in language","author":"Winter","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026100812041116700_aacag179-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.13182","article-title":"Spatial alignment facilitates visual comparison in children","volume":"46","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"}],"container-title":["Child Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/chidev\/aacag179\/71719608\/aacag179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/chidev\/aacag179\/71719608\/aacag179.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:04:22Z","timestamp":1791475462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/chidev\/aacag179\/8885716"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dave","family":"Sobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Winsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":75,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chidev\/aacag179","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-8624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-8624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"article-number":"aacag179"}}