{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:18:49Z","timestamp":1791652729983,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the present work, tandem dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction (TDLLME) coupled with liquid chromatography was used for the determination of the two antidepressant drugs citalopram (CIT) and sertraline (SER) in complicated matrices. Indeed, the present approach was used to improve the suitability and appropriateness of the dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction (DLLME) method in complicated matrices. Firstly, 10 mL of the sample solution containing the two understudied drugs was extracted into an organic solvent (200 \u03bcL of 1,2-dichloromethane) using the DLLME method. Then the extracted analytes were back-extracted into 100 \u03bcL of an aqueous acceptor phase. The total extraction time of this method is about 6 min. To achieve the best efficiency for this method, efficient parameters like the kind and volume of the organic solvent and the effect of the ionic strength on the effectiveness of extraction were reviewed and improved. Under the optimized experimental conditions, TDLLME showed good linearity in the range of 100.0\u20137000.0 ng mL\u22121. The limits of detection were found to be 10.0 ng mL\u22121 for CIT and 2.0 ng mL\u22121 for SER. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is obtained in the range of 0.7\u20134.1%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmab038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T21:54:36Z","timestamp":1618437276000},"page":"96-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Application of Tandem Dispersive Liquid\u2013Liquid Microextraction as an Efficient Method for Preconcentration of Two Antidepressant Drugs in Real Samples Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Bahare","family":"Arabkhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghadamali","family":"Bagherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour Arab","family":"Chamjangali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.10.088","article-title":"Construction of novel sensitive electrochemical sensor for electro-oxidation and determination of citalopram based on zinc oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes","volume":"59","author":"Ghaedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering: C"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref2","first-page":"1808","article-title":"Determination of antidepressants in human urine extracted by magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene) composites and separation by capillary electrophoresis","volume-title":"Electrophoresis","author":"Murtada","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref3","first-page":"985","article-title":"Application of dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction with alcoholic solvents followed by HPLC\u2013UV as a sensitive and efficient method for the extraction and determination of citalopram in biological samples using an experimental design","volume-title":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","author":"Hamedi","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref4","first-page":"132","article-title":"Determination of sertraline in pharmaceutical and biological samples using 1, 10-phenanthroline-terbium probe and silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence","volume-title":"Journal of Luminescence","author":"Lotfi","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022010817004657800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201500007","article-title":"Optimization of modified dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of nitrazepam and midazolam drugs: An experimental design","volume":"38","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of separation science"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022010817004657800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201701276","article-title":"Application of nanoperlite as a new natural sorbent in the preconcentration of three organophosphorus pesticides by microextraction in packed syringe coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry","volume":"41","author":"Taghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of separation science"},{"issue":"21","key":"2022010817004657800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4219","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201600555","article-title":"Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the preconcentration and determination of organochlorine pesticides in water samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry","volume":"39","author":"Taghani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of separation science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022010817004657800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2009.10.003","article-title":"Liquid-phase microextraction","volume":"29","author":"Sarafraz-Yazdi","year":"2010","journal-title":"TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"28","key":"2022010817004657800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9922-0","article-title":"Rapid determination of some beta-blockers in complicated matrices by tandem dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"408","author":"Hemmati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.10.030","article-title":"Recent developments and future trends in solid phase microextraction techniques towards green analytical chemistry","volume":"1321","author":"Spietelun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref11","first-page":"329","article-title":"Evaluation of dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction by coupling with green-based agarose gel-electromembrane extraction: An efficient method to the tandem extraction of basic drugs from biological fluids","volume-title":"Talanta","author":"Tabani","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref12","first-page":"105348","volume-title":"Microchemical Journal","year":"2020"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022010817004657800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201000088","article-title":"Coupling stir bar sorptive extraction-dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction for preconcentration of triazole pesticides from aqueous samples followed by GC-FID and GC-MS determinations","volume":"33","author":"Farajzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of separation science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022010817004657800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2011.03.005","article-title":"Combination of supercritical fluid extraction with dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction for extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from soil and marine sediment samples","volume":"57","author":"Naeeni","year":"2011","journal-title":"The journal of supercritical fluids"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2017.04.002","article-title":"Modified dispersive solid-liquid microextraction coupled to HPLC and application of experimental design methodology to determine the trace amount of levothyroxine in human real samples","volume":"133","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microchemical Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022010817004657800_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmx017","article-title":"Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplets and High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Preconcentration and Determination of Alprazolam and Chlordiazepoxide in Human Serum Samples","volume":"55","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of chromatographic science"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2016.04.003","article-title":"Optimization of ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets by experimental design methodologies for determination of three anti-anxiety drugs in human serum and urine samples by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"128","author":"Farsimadan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microchemical Journal"},{"issue":"18","key":"2022010817004657800_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201500522","article-title":"Development of coupled ultrasound-assisted and reversed-phase dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction before high-performance liquid chromatography for the sensitive determination of vitamin A and vitamin E in oil samples","volume":"38","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of separation science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022010817004657800_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.5562\/cca2352","article-title":"Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in separation and preconcentration of silver prior its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry","volume":"87","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Croatica Chemica Acta"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2016.02.003","article-title":"Determination of ultra-trace palladium (II) in water, soil, and food samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-atomic absorption spectrometry using 2-mercaptobenzimidazole as a complexing agent","volume":"127","author":"Pouyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microchemical Journal"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2014.06.007","article-title":"Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of benzodiazepines from biological fluids based on polyaniline\/magnetic nanoparticles composite","volume":"844","author":"Asgharinezhad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analytica chimica acta"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref22","first-page":"615","article-title":"Liquid-phase microextraction combined with flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry Rapid screening of amphetamines from biological matrices","volume-title":"Journal of separation science","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2001"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/3145","volume-title":"Flow injection analysis: instrumentation and applications","author":"Trojanowicz","year":"2000"},{"issue":"24","key":"2022010817004657800_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4828","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201600673","article-title":"Application of tandem dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction for the determination of doxepin, citalopram, and fluvoxamine in complicated samples","volume":"39","author":"Fahimirad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of separation science"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.048","article-title":"Ion transfer stripping voltammetry for the detection of nanomolar levels of fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline in tap and river water samples","volume":"223","author":"Izadyar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022010817004657800_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.12.009","article-title":"Simultaneous analysis of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after solid-phase extraction","volume":"38","author":"Meng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical biochemistry"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.02.041","article-title":"Optimization of ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of six antidepressants in human plasma using experimental design","volume":"124","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022010817004657800_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-5825-x","article-title":"Electrosynthesis of polypyrrole on steel fiber for solid-phase microextraction of citalopram in serum","volume":"403","author":"Nezhadali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022010817004657800_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AY02001B","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of sertraline, imipramine and alprazolam in human plasma samples using headspace solid phase microextraction based on a nanostructured polypyrrole fiber coupled to ion mobility spectrometry","volume":"12","author":"Barati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analytical Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022010817004657800_ref30","first-page":"450","article-title":"Determination of citalopram in human plasma with LC-MS\/MS method and its bioequivalent evaluation","volume":"42","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta pharmaceutica Sinica"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.04.032","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted low-density solvent dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction for the simultaneous determination of 12 new antidepressants and 2 antipsychotics in whole blood by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"142","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted microextraction coupled with HPLC for determination of citalopram and nortriptyline in human plasma","volume-title":"Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies","author":"Vaghar-Lahijani","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022010817004657800_ref33","first-page":"354","article-title":"toxicology; A novel liquid\u2013liquid extraction for the determination of sertraline in tap water and waste water at trace levels by GC\u2013MS.","volume-title":"Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","author":"Ko\u00e7o\u011flu","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Chromatographic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chromsci\/article-pdf\/60\/1\/96\/41999221\/bmab038.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chromsci\/article-pdf\/60\/1\/96\/41999221\/bmab038.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T17:09:45Z","timestamp":1641661785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chromsci\/article\/60\/1\/96\/6231748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chromsci\/bmab038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9665","1945-239X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9665","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-239X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]}}}