{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:16:52Z","timestamp":1787008612926,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A simple solid-phase microextraction technique using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP-SPME) was prepared to monitor phenobarbital in urine samples. In this technique, the fiber was prepared via insertion of the modified stainless-steel wire in the reaction solution including 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of an acidic catalyst (acetic acid). The fabricated MIP-SPME fiber was utilized to selectively extract phenobarbital from urine samples and prepare it for detection through high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The synthesized MIPs were characterized by several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The effects of various influencing factors on the extraction yield of phenobarbital were considered and optimized. The conditions that yielded the maximum extraction efficiency were as follows: pH of 5, 25\u00a0min extraction time, 500\u00a0rpm stirring rate, 15\u00a0min desorption time and using methanol as elution solvent. Within the range of concentrations of 0.02 to 100\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0mL\u22121, the method had linear characteristics, with a suitable coefficient of determination (0.9983). We determined limits of detection and limits of quantification to be 9.88 and 32.9\u00a0ng\u00a0mL\u22121, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the prepared fibers were 4.6 and 6.5%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmac001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T07:08:09Z","timestamp":1643094489000},"page":"87-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Preparation of a New Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Monitoring of Phenobarbital in Urine Samples"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6469-2806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soleiman","family":"Bahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010614051263800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201500237","article-title":"Simultaneous extraction and quantification of lamotrigine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin in human plasma and urine samples using solidified floating organic drop microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"38","author":"Asadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Separation Science"},{"key":"2023010614051263800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-03011-x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic variability of phenobarbital: A systematic review of population pharmacokinetic analysis","volume":"77","author":"Methaneethorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"2023010614051263800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2011.15.2.67","article-title":"Modern methods for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in the biological fluids for pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023010614051263800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.05.002","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of three residual barbiturates in pork using accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"840","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography B"},{"key":"2023010614051263800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.10.026","article-title":"Chemometrics enhanced HPLC\u2013DAD performance for rapid quantification of carbamazepine and phenobarbital in human serum samples","volume":"119","author":"Vosough","year":"2014","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2023010614051263800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01561.x","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugsbest practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: A position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE commission on therapeutic strategies","volume":"49","author":"Patsalos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2023010614051263800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-3673-0","article-title":"Development and validation of an HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous quantification of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate and their main metabolites in human plasma","volume":"397","author":"Fortuna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2023010614051263800_ref8","first-page":"301","article-title":"Determination of plasma phenobarbital concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography in rat offspring","volume":"723","author":"Moriyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography. 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