{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:06:36Z","timestamp":1752537996644,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A simple, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of mixed tocotrienols (\u03b1-, \u03b3- and \u03b4-) in human plasma. The method involves a straightforward sample preparation step, where plasma samples are deproteinized using a mixture of acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran (3:2, v\/v), followed by direct injection into the HPLC system. Separation was achieved using a methanol mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5\u00a0mL\/min, with fluorescence detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 296\u00a0nm and 330\u00a0nm, respectively. The method demonstrated excellent linearity over concentration ranges of 12.7\u00a0ng\/mL to 2.54\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL for \u03b1-tocotrienol, 19.2\u00a0ng\/mL to 3.84\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL for \u03b3-tocotrienol and 4.6\u00a0ng\/mL to 0.923\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL for \u03b4-tocotrienol, with quantification limits of 12.7\u00a0ng\/mL, 19.2\u00a0ng\/mL and 4.6\u00a0ng\/mL, respectively. Recovery rates ranged from 85.0% to 111.2%, and both intra-day and inter-day precision showed relative standard deviations below 15%. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and stability under various conditions, including freeze\u2013thaw cycles and long-term storage. This HPLC method offers a rapid, sensitive and reliable approach for quantifying tocotrienols in human plasma, making it suitable for preclinical and clinical studies, particularly in pharmacokinetic and bioavailability research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmaf041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T14:13:50Z","timestamp":1752070430000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simple, Sensitive and Reproducible High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Mixed Tocotrienol in Blood Plasma using Fluorescent Detection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Teong G","family":"Thor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden, 11800 Penang ,","place":["Malaysia"]},{"name":"Management Department, Kek Lok Si Charitable Hospital , Ayer Itam, 11500 Penang ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song T","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden, 11800 Penang ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kah H","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden, 11800 Penang ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6188-2230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline K K","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden, 11800 Penang ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siok Y","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden, 11800 Penang ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071411013174100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020310","article-title":"Vitamin E: Where are we now in vascular diseases?","volume":"12","author":"Garg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"2025071411013174100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111175","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of palm oil vitamin E-derived tocotrienols in inflammation and chronic diseases: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"156","author":"Zainal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071411013174100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020521","article-title":"Safety and neuroprotective efficacy of palm oil and Tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Ismail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025071411013174100_ref4","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Vitamin analysis for the health and food sciences, 2nd ed","author":"Eitenmiller","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071411013174100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1873","article-title":"Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol","volume":"48","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071411013174100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1493","article-title":"Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of \u03b3-tocotrienol in rat and human plasma","volume":"25","author":"Abuasal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomedical Chromatography"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025071411013174100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1320793","article-title":"Semi-preparative HPLC purification of \u03b4-tocotrienol (\u03b4-T3) from Elaeis guineensis Jacq. 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