{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T17:09:01Z","timestamp":1765818541212,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Benidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker widely used in management of hypertension, and its pharmacokinetic evaluation requires reliable quantification in plasma. Even though liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry methods are available, simple and cost-effective HPLC approaches for determining benidipine in rat plasma remain limited. To address this gap, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated to assess the presence of benidipine in rat plasma. Acetonitrile was used as the extracting solvent for the liquid\u2013liquid extraction of the plasma\u2019s analytes, followed by separation on an HPLC column. Benidipine\u2019s retention time was found to be 8.134\u00a0min. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were determined to be, respectively, 0.016\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL and 0.047\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. The method was validated over a liner (R2\u00a0=\u20090.9995) concentration range of 0.05 to 10\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. The level of precision and accuracy were found to be within acceptable limits. Benidipine was found to be stable under freeze\u2013thaw and short-term conditions. Benidipine\u2019s pharmacokinetic parameters were suitably assessed in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats after a single oral dosage (0.822\u00a0mg\/kg). The findings demonstrated the suitability and applicability of the developed bioanalytical HPLC approach as a tool for the pharmacokinetic analysis of benidipine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmaf063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:59:00Z","timestamp":1764680340000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioanalytical HPLC Method for Quantification of Benidipine in Rat Plasma: Stability and Application to Pharmacokinetic Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Khater","family":"AL-Japairai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah , Gambang, 26300 ,","place":["Malaysia"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samah Hamed","family":"Almurisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur 57000 ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayah Rebhi","family":"Hilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INHART, International Islamic University Malaysia , Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, 53100 ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadiya","family":"Abdul-Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah , Gambang, 26300 ,","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9052-147X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya , Kuala Lumpur 50603 ,","place":["Malaysia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330 ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025121512051479800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214176","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2023.2214176","article-title":"Environmental benign RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of anti-hypertensive drugs using analytical quality by design","volume":"16","author":"Dharuman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025121512051479800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.29.1047","article-title":"Benidipine, a dihydropyridine-Ca^&lt; 2+&gt; channel blocker, increases the endothelial differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells in vitro","volume":"29","author":"Ando","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121512051479800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.15379\/2410-1869.2022.09.02.02","article-title":"Development and validation of HPLC method for determination of benidipine hydrochloride in lipid vesicles formulations","volume":"9","author":"Khater","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref4","first-page":"204","article-title":"Systemic delivery of calcium channel blockers for hypertension through transdermal delivery\u2014a review","volume":"1025","author":"AL-Japairai","journal-title":"Materials Science\u00a0Forum"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref5","volume-title":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","author":"Shigenori","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.DTJ05001X","article-title":"Pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical properties of benidipine hydrochloride, a novel, long-acting calcium channel blocker","volume":"100","author":"Yao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121512051479800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.51","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of benidipine on cardiac performance and remodeling in failing rat hearts","volume":"21","author":"Ohno","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121512051479800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.02.001","article-title":"Identification, synthesis and characterization of process related impurities of benidipine hydrochloride, stress-testing\/stability studies and HPLC\/UPLC method validations","volume":"5","author":"Atici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"},{"issue":"S6","key":"2025121512051479800_ref9","first-page":"8188","article-title":"Analytical method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of metoprolol and benidipine by RP-HPLC in bulk and tablet dosage forms","volume":"6","author":"Mujawar","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113507","article-title":"Development of a green HPLC method for the analysis of artesunate and amodiaquine impurities using quality by design","volume":"190","author":"Yabr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121512051479800_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S210","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.52.4s.100","article-title":"Formulation of dispersed gliclazide powder in polyethylene glycol\u2013polyvinyl caprolactam\u2013polyvinyl acetate grafted copolymer carrier for capsulation and improved dissolution","volume":"52","author":"Dukhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Education And Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025121512051479800_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.24651","article-title":"Stability indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and benidipine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form","volume":"11","author":"Naim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"issue":"6-s","key":"2025121512051479800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v9i6-s.3692","article-title":"Method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of benidipine hydrochloride and metoprolol succinate in tablet","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery Therapeutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025121512051479800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjac.2022.100123","article-title":"Review of analytical and bioanalytical techniques for the determination of first-line anticytomegalovirus drugs","volume":"50","author":"Ganesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.12.009","article-title":"Development and validation of RP-HPLC based bioanalytical method for simultaneous estimation of curcumin and quercetin in rat\u2019s plasma","volume":"149","author":"Khursheed","year":"2022","journal-title":"South African Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121512051479800_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.52711\/0974-360X.2021.00379","article-title":"A bioanalytical method for quantification of telmisartan in rat plasma; development, validation and application to pharmacokinetic study","volume":"14","author":"Al-Japairai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.09.028","article-title":"Bioanalytical method development and validation: Critical concepts and strategies","volume":"1043","author":"Moein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref18","first-page":"50","article-title":"Bioanalytical method validation: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Sankar","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaciutical Science Review and Research"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.07.001","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer-sol-gel tablet toward micro-solid phase extraction: I. Determination of methadone in human plasma utilizing liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"936","author":"El-Beqqali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121512051479800_ref20","first-page":"2265","article-title":"A review on bioanalytical method development and validation by RP-HPLC","volume":"5","author":"Kirthi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bioanalytical method development and validation by HPLC: a review","volume-title":"Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Innovation","author":"Pushpa, Latha","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121512051479800_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2004.03.023","article-title":"Determination of benidipine in human plasma using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"805","author":"Kang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography B"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121512051479800_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2004.10.006","article-title":"Analysis of benidipine enantiomers in human plasma by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry using a macrocyclic antibiotic (vancomycin) chiral stationary phase column","volume":"814","author":"Kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography B"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025121512051479800_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4934","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4934","article-title":"Development and validation of a cost-effective and sensitive bioanalytical HPLC-UV method for determination of lopinavir in rat and human plasma","volume":"34","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedical Chromatography"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119313786","volume-title":"HPLC and UHPLC for practicing scientists","author":"Dong","year":"2019"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025121512051479800_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-023-02822-3","article-title":"A new and rapid UV-visible spectrophotometric method for benidipine hydrochloride determination: development and validation","volume":"56","author":"Al-Japairai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref27","volume-title":"ICH guideline M10: bioanalytical method validation","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121512051479800_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v13i3.15","article-title":"A simple HPLC bioanalytical method for the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic studies","volume":"13","author":"Dharmalingam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"2025121512051479800_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.37022\/jis.v6i1.51","article-title":"A review on bioanalytical method development and validation of anticancer drugs by using lc\/ms\/ms and its applications on routine analysis","volume":"9","author":"Tallam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Integral Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121512051479800_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.5958\/2231-5659.2016.00032.1","article-title":"Development of a validated RP-HPLC method for estimation of ethionamide in spiked human plasma with UV detection","volume":"6","author":"Rahade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025121512051479800_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2020.03.012","article-title":"Bioanalytical method by HPLC-FLD for curcumin analysis in supplemented athletes","volume":"28","author":"Antunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Chromatographic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chromsci\/article-pdf\/63\/10\/bmaf063\/65884742\/bmaf063.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chromsci\/article-pdf\/63\/10\/bmaf063\/65884742\/bmaf063.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T17:05:29Z","timestamp":1765818329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chromsci\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/chromsci\/bmaf063\/8380209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chromsci\/bmaf063","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9665","1945-239X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9665","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-239X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"article-number":"bmaf063"}}