{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:22:27Z","timestamp":1773112947019,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Integrated Microsystems for Biosensing","award":["3E-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3E-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent research suggests that the microbiota affects susceptibility to both respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and gastrointestinal infections (GIIs). In order to optimize global treatment options, it is important to characterize microbiota profiles across different niches and geographic\/socioeconomic areas where RTI and GII prevalences are high.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed 16S sequencing of nasopharyngeal swabs from 209 Venezuelan Amerindian children aged 6 weeks\u201359 months who were participating in a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) study. Using random forest models, differential abundance testing, and regression analysis, we determined whether specific bacteria were associated with RTIs or GIIs and variation in PCV13 response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microbiota compositions differed between children with or without RTIs (P = .018) or GIIs (P = .001). Several species were associated with the absence of infections. Some of these health-associated bacteria are also observed in developed regions, such as Corynebacterium (log2(fold change [FC]) = 3.30 for RTIs and log2(FC) = 1.71 for GIIs), while others are not commonly observed in developed regions, such as Acinetobacter (log2(FC) = 2.82 and log2(FC) = 5.06, respectively). Klebsiella spp. presence was associated with both RTIs (log2(FC) = 5.48) and GIIs (log2(FC) = 7.20).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The nasopharyngeal microbiota of rural Venezuelan children included several bacteria that thrive in tropical humid climates. Interestingly, nasopharyngeal microbiota composition not only differed in children with an RTI but also in those with a GII, which suggests a reciprocal interplay between the 2 environments. Knowledge of region-specific microbiota patterns enables tailoring of preventive and therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T04:19:36Z","timestamp":1578543576000},"page":"212-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Profiles in Rural Venezuelan Children Are Associated With Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Lilly M","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismar A","family":"Rivera-Olivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina \u201cDr. Jacinto Convit,\u201d Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela"},{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Clerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei Ling J N","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jody","family":"van Engelsdorp Gastelaars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United 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