{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:54:48Z","timestamp":1788864888579,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global Trachoma Mapping Project"},{"name":"United Kingdom\u2019s Department for International Development"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID-OAA-A-11-00048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A-11-00048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OAA-A-10-00051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OAA-A-10-00051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["098521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["098521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014445","name":"Fred Hollows Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1954-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1954-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014445","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Melanesia, the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation\u2013follicular (TF) suggests that public health\u2013level interventions against active trachoma are needed. However, the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis is below the threshold for elimination as a public health problem and evidence of conjunctival infection with trachoma\u2019s causative organism (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]) is rare. Here, we examine the prevalence of ocular infection with CT and previous exposure to CT in three evaluation units (EUs) of Papua New Guinea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All individuals aged 1\u20139 years who were examined for clinical signs of trachoma in 3 Global Trachoma Mapping Project EUs were eligible to take part in this study (N = 3181). Conjunctival swabs were collected from 349 children with TF and tested by polymerase chain reaction to assess for ocular CT infection. Dried blood spots were collected from 2572 children and tested for anti-Pgp3 antibodies using a multiplex assay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The proportion of children with TF who had CT infection was low across all 3 EUs (overall 2%). Anti-Pgp3 seroprevalence was 5.2% overall and there was no association between anti-Pgp3 antibody level and presence of TF. In 2 EUs, age-specific seroprevalence did not increase significantly with increasing age in the 1- to 9-year-old population. In the third EU, there was a statistically significant change with age but the overall seroprevalence and peak age-specific seroprevalence was very low.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on these results, together with similar findings from the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, the use of TF to guide antibiotic mass drug administration decisions in Melanesia should be reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T04:07:55Z","timestamp":1579493275000},"page":"423-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Trachoma, Anti-Pgp3 Serology, and Ocular <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> Infection in Papua New Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8119-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin K","family":"Macleod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0435-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Butcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Javati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gwyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinjho","family":"Jonduo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Yazid","family":"Abdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrissy H","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Keys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brien Holden Vision Institute Foundation, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Peter","family":"Koim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PNG Eye Care, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Port Moresby General Hospital, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jambi","family":"Garap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Port Moresby General Hospital, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pahau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boram General Hospital, Wewak, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Houinei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neglected Tropical Diseases, National Department of Health, Port Moresby, 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