{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:06:49Z","timestamp":1740128809864,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gonorrhea diagnosis rates in the United States increased by 75% during 2009\u20132017, predominantly in men. It is unclear whether the increase among men is being driven by more screening, an increase in the prevalence of disease, or both. We sought to evaluate changes in gonorrhea testing patterns and positivity among men in Massachusetts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The analysis included men (aged \u226515 years) who received care during 2010\u20132017 in 3 clinical practice groups. We calculated annual percentages of men with \u22651 gonorrhea test and men with \u22651 positive result, among men tested. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine trends in these outcomes. We adjusted for clinical and demographic characteristics that may influence the predilection to test and probability of gonorrhea disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On average, 306 348 men had clinical encounters each year. There was a significant increase in men with \u22651 gonorrhea test from 2010 (3.1%) to 2017 (6.4%; adjusted annual risk ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.12\u20131.13). There was a significant, albeit lesser, increase in the percentage of tested men with \u22651 positive result (1.0% in 2010 to 1.5% in 2017; adjusted annual risk ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.04\u20131.09).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We estimated significant increases in the annual percentages of men with \u22651 gonorrhea test and men with \u22651 positive gonorrhea test result between 2010 and 2017. These results suggest that observed increases in gonorrhea rates could be explained by both increases in screening and the prevalence of gonorrhea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T20:08:50Z","timestamp":1579378130000},"page":"e399-e405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["More Screening or More Disease? Gonorrhea Testing and Positivity Patterns Among Men in 3 Large Clinical Practices in Massachusetts, 2010\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Sarah J","family":"Willis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"Cocoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, 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USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Herrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Hafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts League of Community Health Centers, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Erani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts League of Community Health Centers, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Josephson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts League of Community 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