{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:46:29Z","timestamp":1790664389135,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["177499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["177499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss HIV Cohort Study","award":["177499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["177499"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Leukocyte telomere length (TL) shortens with age and is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) events in the general population. Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) may have accelerated atherosclerosis and shorter TL than the general population. It is unknown whether TL is associated with CAD in PLWH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We measured TL by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in white Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants. Cases had a first CAD event during 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017. We matched 1\u20133 PLWH controls without CAD events on sex, age, and observation time. We obtained univariable and multivariable odds ratios (OR) for CAD from conditional logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 333 cases (median age 54 years; 14% women; 83% with suppressed HIV RNA) and 745 controls. Median time (interquartile range) of TL measurement was 9.4 (5.9\u201313.8) years prior to CAD event. Compared to the 1st (shortest) TL quintile, participants in the 5th (longest) TL quintile had univariable and multivariable CAD event OR\u2005=\u20050.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], .35\u2013.91) and OR\u2005=\u20050.54 (95% CI, .31\u2013.96). Multivariable OR for current smoking was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.27\u20132.92), dyslipidemia OR\u2005=\u20051.92 (95% CI, 1.41\u20132.63), and for recent abacavir, cumulative lopinavir, indinavir, and darunavir exposure was OR\u2005=\u20051.82 (95% CI, 1.27\u20132.59), OR\u2005=\u20052.02 (95% CI, 1.34\u20133.04), OR\u2005=\u20053.42 (95% CI, 2.14\u20135.45), and OR\u2005=\u20051.66 (95% CI, 1.00\u20132.74), respectively. The TL-CAD association remained significant when adjusting only for Framingham risk score, when excluding TL outliers, and when adjusting for CMV-seropositivity, HCV-seropositivity, time spent with detectable HIV viremia, and injection drug use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In PLWH, TL measured &amp;gt;9 years before, is independently associated with CAD events after adjusting for multiple traditional and HIV-related factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T11:09:48Z","timestamp":1595070588000},"page":"e2070-e2076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Telomere Length, Traditional Risk Factors, Factors Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Coronary Artery Disease Events in Swiss Persons Living With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Engel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland, University of Basel, Bruderholz, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Uri, Altdorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Raffenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland, University of Basel, Bruderholz, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella C","family":"Schoepf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland, University of Basel, Bruderholz, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeltje A","family":"Kootstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Division of Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian W","family":"Thorball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL School of Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Hirzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Wissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan A","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enos","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Regionale, Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine E A","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Calmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Fellay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL School of Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger D","family":"Kouyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huldrych F","family":"G\u00fcnthard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Ledergerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip E","family":"Tarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland, University of Basel, Bruderholz, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Swiss HIV Cohort Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100522122016000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033369","article-title":"Global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021100522122016000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofx262","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx262","article-title":"Systemic inflammation, coagulation, and clinical risk in 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