{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T03:57:08Z","timestamp":1771991828219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity"},{"name":"Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"U.S. Response to Resistant Gonorrhea"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture is necessary to determine antimicrobial resistance, but typically requires specimen collection by clinicians. We sought to determine the sensitivity of patient-collected specimens for N. gonorrhoeae culture.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed N. gonorrhoeae cultures on paired clinician- and patient-collected specimens from the pharynx (n\u2005=\u200593), rectum (n\u2005=\u200588), endocervix\/vagina (n\u2005=\u200589), and urethra\/urine (n = 46). We calculated the percent concordance and the kappa statistics for paired-specimen results, and determined the test sensitivity for each specimen type using positivity of either specimen in a pair as a gold standard defining the presence of true infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At least 1 specimen was positive in 26%, 31%, 61%, and 3% of paired samples in the pharynx, rectum, urethra\/urine, and endocervix\/vagina, respectively. Patient- and clinician-collected results were highly concordant at the pharynx (95%; kappa = 0.85), rectum (99%; kappa = 0.97), urethra\/urine (83%; kappa\u2005=\u20050.87), and endocervix\/vagina (100%; kappa = 1.0; P\u2005\u2264\u2005.005 for all comparisons). Patient-collected pharyngeal and rectal swabs and urine were 92%, 96%, and 96% sensitive, while clinician-collected specimens at these anatomic sites were 87.5%, 100%, and 94% sensitive (P\u2005&amp;gt;\u2005.05 for all comparisons). Among 24 urine specimens held for 4\u201322 hours after collection, 100% yielded concordant N. gonorrhoeae culture results, compared to immediate processing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patient- and clinician-collected specimens are comparably sensitive for N. gonorrhoeae culture. These findings suggest that patient-collected specimens could be used to expand the availability of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance testing for both clinical and surveillance purposes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T19:28:59Z","timestamp":1596569339000},"page":"e3196-e3200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Performance of Patient-collected Specimens for <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> Culture"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Lindley A","family":"Barbee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Public Health\u2013Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Public Health\u2013Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina S","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health\u2013Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candice J","family":"McNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olusegun O","family":"Soge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110300065172700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000093","article-title":"Effect of nucleic acid amplification testing on detection of extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydial infections in men who have sex with men sexually transmitted disease clinic patients","volume":"41","author":"Barbee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2021110300065172700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000553","article-title":"Increased detection of pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea in men who have sex with men after transition from culture to nucleic acid amplification testing","volume":"44","author":"Cornelisse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2021110300065172700_CIT0003","volume-title":"2018 STD 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