{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:05:09Z","timestamp":1790665509395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI113173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI113173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI110666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI110666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1 TR002318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR002318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI027757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common syndrome with no known etiology in \u226450% of cases. We estimated associations between urethral bacteria and NGU in men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urine was collected from NGU cases (129 MSM, 121 MSW) and controls (70 MSM, 114 MSW) attending a Seattle STD clinic. Cases had \u22655 polymorphonuclear leukocytes on Gram stain plus symptoms or discharge; controls had &amp;lt;5 PMNs, no symptoms, no discharge. NGU was considered idiopathic when Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus were absent. The urethral microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compositional lasso analysis was conducted to identify associations between bacterial taxa and NGU and to select bacteria for targeted qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among NGU cases, 45.2% were idiopathic. Based on compositional lasso analysis, we selected Haemophilus influenzae (HI) and Mycoplasma penetrans (MP) for targeted qPCR. Compared with 182 men without NGU, the 249 men with NGU were more likely to have HI (14% vs 2%) and MP (21% vs 1%) (both P \u2264 .001). In stratified analyses, detection of HI was associated with NGU among MSM (12% vs 3%, P = .036) and MSW (17% vs 1%, P &amp;lt; .001), but MP was associated with NGU only among MSM (13% vs 1%, P = .004). Associations were stronger in men with idiopathic NGU.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HI and MP are potential causes of male urethritis. MP was more often detected among MSM than MSW with urethritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T11:28:01Z","timestamp":1596194881000},"page":"e1684-e1693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Urethral Microbiota in Men: Association of <i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i> and <i>Mycoplasma penetrans<\/i> With Nongonococcal Urethritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Sujatha","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah G","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew M","family":"Munch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health\u2013Seattle & King County HIV\/STD Program, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Domogala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Sylvan Lowens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health\u2013Seattle & King County HIV\/STD Program, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Proll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meei-Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusegun O","family":"Soge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith R","family":"Jerome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health\u2013Seattle & King County HIV\/STD Program, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David N","family":"Fredricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa E","family":"Manhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 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