{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T16:45:22Z","timestamp":1793897122025,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection) caused by the most common NTM pathogens such as Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium xenopi among the slowly growing NTM and Mycobacterium abscessus among the rapidly growing NTM. A panel of experts was carefully selected by leading international respiratory medicine and infectious diseases societies (ATS, ERS, ESCMID, IDSA) and included specialists in pulmonary medicine, infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, laboratory medicine, and patient advocacy. Systematic reviews were conducted around each of 22 PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) questions and the recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Thirty-one evidence-based recommendations about treatment of NTM pulmonary disease are provided. This guideline is intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for patients with NTM pulmonary disease, including specialists in infectious diseases and pulmonary diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T19:30:39Z","timestamp":1597433439000},"page":"905-913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":494,"title":["Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: An Official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Charles L","family":"Daley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M","family":"Iaccarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, Borstel, Germany"},{"name":"Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Cambau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Mycobacteria and Antimycobacterial Resistance, APHP -H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re, Bacteriology; 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Inserm, University Paris Diderot, IAME UMR1137, Paris, France"},{"name":"Team E13 (Bact\u00e9riologie), Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, Universit\u00e9 Paris 06, Centre de Recherche 7, INSERM, IAME UMR1137, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwen A","family":"Huitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shandra L","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library and Knowledge Services, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Leitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTM Info & Research, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore K","family":"Marras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth N","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Santin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason E","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Tortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakko","family":"van Ingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin L","family":"Winthrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121822291830800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200602-197ST","article-title":"An official ATS statement: grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations in ATS guidelines and recommendations","volume":"174","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2020121822291830800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. 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