{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:36:04Z","timestamp":1788568564809,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30118C02899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30118C02899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia where CM is endemic. Manifestations include self-limited pulmonary infection, chronic fibrocavitary pulmonary disease, and disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Most infections are identified by serological assays including enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA), complement fixation, and immunodiffusion. These are time-consuming and take days to result, impeding early diagnosis. A new lateral flow assay (LFA; S\u014dna; IMMY, Norman, OK) improves time-to-result to 1 hour.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We prospectively enrolled 392 patients with suspected CM, compared the LFA with standard EIA and included procalcitonin evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with standard EIA, LFA demonstrates 31% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 20\u201344%) and 92% specificity (95% CI, 88\u201395%). Acute pulmonary disease (74%) was the most common clinical syndrome. Hospitalized patients constituted 75% of subjects, and compared with outpatients, they more frequently had \u22653 previous healthcare facility visits (P\u2005=\u2005.05), received antibacterials (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01), and had &amp;gt;3 antibacterial courses (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01). Procalcitonin (PCT) was &amp;lt;0.25 ng\/mL in 52 (83%) EIA-positive patients, suggesting infection was not bacterial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>When CM is a possible diagnosis, LFA identified nearly one-third of EIA-positive infections. Combined with PCT &amp;lt;0.25 ng\/mL, LFA could reduce unnecessary antibacterial use by 77%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T19:26:20Z","timestamp":1597346780000},"page":"e2746-e2753","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Comparison of a Novel Rapid Lateral Flow Assay to Enzyme Immunoassay Results for Early Diagnosis of Coccidioidomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Fariba M","family":"Donovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2013Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA"},{"name":"The University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2013Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferris A","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sher A","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apoorva","family":"Bhaskara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2013Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D","family":"Lainhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2013Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2013Tucson, Tucson Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneesh 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