{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:21:51Z","timestamp":1790742111342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Vaccine Injury Compensation Program committee"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2016 in Taiwan, inoculation with the Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) Tokyo-172 vaccine was postponed from 24 hours after birth to 5\u20138 months of age. We reviewed BCG-induced adverse reactions reported to the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) to identify differences between early and delayed BCG inoculation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical presentations of BCG-related adverse reactions reported to VICP for the 2012\u20132017 birth cohort were reviewed until the end of 2019. The correlations between inoculation age and complications were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed 233 BCG adverse reactions, including regional lymphadenitis (33.9%), injection site reactions (35.2%), osteitis\/osteomyelitis (27.9%), and distant soft tissue infections (3.0%). The incidence of osteitis\/osteomyelitis was lower when vaccination was done after 5 months of age (relative risk [RR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], .16\u2013.64). Injection site reactions (RR, 8.82; 95% CI, 5.04\u201315.44) and lymphadenitis (RR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.44\u20133.45) were significantly more common in vaccinees older than 5 months. Shorter onset durations of mild adverse reactions (lymphadenitis and injection site reactions) were reported in vaccinees older than 5 months, while no statistical significance was found regarding osteitis\/osteomyelitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteomyelitis and distant soft tissue infection may occur less frequently when BCG inoculation occurs after 5 months of age, although mild adverse reactions can be more frequent, symptom onset times can be shortened. As few severe reactions might occur more than 2 years after BCG inoculation and the policy of delayed BCG inoculation was implemented in 2016, a longer observational period is needed to clarify the exact severe complications decrement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T11:57:13Z","timestamp":1597751833000},"page":"e1554-e1559","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Inoculation Age of Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Tokyo-172 Strain and Vaccine-related Adverse Reactions in Taiwan Birth Cohort of 2012\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan-Chang","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100522231980700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510330076038","article-title":"Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis. 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