{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:42:20Z","timestamp":1791308540593,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_PC_19059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_PC_19059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emerging and Zoonotic Infections","award":["NIHR200907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200907"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust and the Department for International Development","award":["215091\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215091\/Z\/18\/Z"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1209135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1209135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["205228\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205228\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre","award":["C18616\/A25153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C18616\/A25153"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence is conflicting about how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) modulates coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the presentation characteristics and outcomes of adults with and without HIV who were hospitalized with COVID-19 at 207 centers across the United Kingdom and whose data were prospectively captured by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Characterization Protocol (CCP) study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression to describe the association between HIV status and day-28 mortality, after separate adjustment for sex, ethnicity, age, hospital acquisition of COVID-19 (definite hospital acquisition excluded), presentation date, 10 individual comorbidities, and disease severity at presentation (as defined by hypoxia or oxygen therapy).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 47 592 patients, 122 (0.26%) had confirmed HIV infection, and 112\/122 (91.8%) had a record of antiretroviral therapy. At presentation, HIV-positive people were younger (median 56 vs 74 years; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001) and had fewer comorbidities, more systemic symptoms and higher lymphocyte counts and C-reactive protein levels. The cumulative day-28 mortality was similar in the HIV-positive versus HIV-negative groups (26.7% vs. 32.1%; P\u2005=\u2005.16), but in those under 60 years of age HIV-positive status was associated with increased mortality (21.3% vs. 9.6%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001 [log-rank test]). Mortality was higher among people with HIV after adjusting for age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01\u20132.14; P\u2005=\u2005.05), and the association persisted after adjusting for the other variables (aHR 1.69; 95% CI 1.15\u20132.48; P\u2005=\u2005.008) and when restricting the analysis to people aged &amp;lt;60 years (aHR 2.87; 95% CI 1.70\u20134.84; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV-positive status was associated with an increased risk of day-28 mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T15:12:39Z","timestamp":1603293159000},"page":"e2095-e2106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Hospitalization Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the ISARIC World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Characterization Protocol (UK): A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Geretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J","family":"Stockdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie H","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muge","family":"Cevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Global Health Research, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV i-Base, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"British HIV Association, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Docherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewen M","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0778-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lance","family":"Turtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J M","family":"Openshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Kenneth","family":"Baillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline A","family":"Sabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"NIHR HPRU in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at UCL, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm G","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Institute in The Park, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children\u2019s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100522425081000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1985","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1985","article-title":"Features of 20\u2009133 UK patients in hospital with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: 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